Mendes Neuza, Palma Fátima, Serrano Fátima
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2014;26(1):3-12. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2012-0109.
As adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major sources of morbidity, preventing them is an important health goal for Portuguese society.
To review data on the knowledge, attitudes and statistics on sexual and reproductive health.
A systematic review was conducted including peer-reviewed articles addressing issues influencing the sexuality of Portuguese adolescents (aged 13 to 19), published up to 2011 and conducted in any type of setting. After crossing-cleaning the reference list, 33 articles were included.
The rate of sexual activity by Portuguese adolescents is high (44%-95%), but there has been an increase in the age of intercourse debut (currently 15.6 years). Early commencement of sexual intercourse is associated with smoking and regular alcohol consumption. Condoms are the most frequently chosen contraceptive method for first (76%-96%) and subsequent (52%-69%) sexual encounters. The perception of a double standard in sex still exists in teenage culture for both genders and influence behavior. There are significant differences between migrant and native adolescents: African adolescents initiate sexual intercourse at earlier ages and are more likely to have unprotected sex. Only one-third of Portuguese teenagers have ever visited a health facility to seek counseling concerning contraception or STIs, and less than half have ever attended classes on reproductive health. Very few (12%) have knowledge about Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The prevalence of STIs in Portuguese youth is unknown. The adolescent fertility rate is still high (14.7 births per 1000 females aged 15-19 years), but it, as well as the rate of abortion, is steadily decreasing.
There is still a long way to go towards promoting a resourceful young population. Citizens and institutions must focus on increasing both the competence of youths and external supports. Information must be provided systematically and health services must have greater accessibility. Studies addressing cultural and environmental determinants that contribute to the molding of the sexual conduct of Portuguese adolescents must be held to produce new and effective culturally sensitive health interventions.
青少年怀孕和性传播感染是主要的发病原因，预防这些问题是葡萄牙社会的一项重要健康目标。
回顾关于性与生殖健康的知识、态度及统计数据。
进行了一项系统综述，纳入截至2011年发表的、在任何环境下开展的、探讨影响葡萄牙青少年（13至19岁）性行为问题的同行评审文章。在交叉清理参考文献列表后，纳入了33篇文章。
葡萄牙青少年的性活动发生率较高（44%-95%），但首次性交的年龄有所增加（目前为15.6岁）。过早开始性行为与吸烟和经常饮酒有关。避孕套是首次性行为（76%-96%）及后续性行为（52%-69%）中最常选择的避孕方法。青少年文化中对男女两性在性方面双重标准的认知仍然存在，并影响行为。移民青少年和本地青少年之间存在显著差异：非洲青少年开始性行为的年龄更早，且更有可能进行无保护性行为。只有三分之一的葡萄牙青少年曾前往医疗机构寻求避孕或性传播感染方面的咨询，不到一半的青少年曾参加过生殖健康课程。很少有人（12%）了解沙眼衣原体感染。葡萄牙青年中性传播感染的患病率未知。青少年生育率仍然较高（每1000名15-19岁女性中有14.7例生育），但该比率以及堕胎率都在稳步下降。
在促进形成有见识的年轻人群体方面仍有很长的路要走。公民和机构必须专注于提高年轻人的能力以及外部支持。必须系统地提供信息，并且医疗服务必须更易于获得。必须开展研究，探讨有助于塑造葡萄牙青少年性行为的文化和环境决定因素，以制定新的、有效的、对文化敏感的健康干预措施。
