Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Nov 21;43(22):7813-37. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60395d.
Dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM) is a well-studied reaction that is of both scientific and industrial importance. This reaction produces syngas that can be used to produce a wide range of products, such as higher alkanes and oxygenates by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. DRM is inevitably accompanied by deactivation due to carbon deposition. DRM is also a highly endothermic reaction and requires operating temperatures of 800-1000 °C to attain high equilibrium conversion of CH4 and CO2 to H2 and CO and to minimize the thermodynamic driving force for carbon deposition. The most widely used catalysts for DRM are based on Ni. However, many of these catalysts undergo severe deactivation due to carbon deposition. Noble metals have also been studied and are typically found to be much more resistant to carbon deposition than Ni catalysts, but are generally uneconomical. Noble metals can also be used to promote the Ni catalysts in order to increase their resistance to deactivation. In order to design catalysts that minimize deactivation, it is necessary to understand the elementary steps involved in the activation and conversion of CH4 and CO2. This review will cover DRM literature for catalysts based on Rh, Ru, Pt, and Pd metals. This includes the effect of these noble metals on the kinetics, mechanism and deactivation of these catalysts.
干重整（DRM）是一种研究充分的反应，具有重要的科学和工业意义。该反应产生的合成气可用于通过费托合成生产各种产品，如更高的烷烃和含氧化合物。由于积碳，DRM 不可避免地会失活。DRM 也是一个高度吸热反应，需要在 800-1000°C 的操作温度下，才能达到 CH4 和 CO2 到 H2 和 CO 的高平衡转化率，并最小化碳沉积的热力学驱动力。最广泛用于 DRM 的催化剂基于 Ni。然而，许多这些催化剂由于积碳而经历严重的失活。贵金属也进行了研究，通常比 Ni 催化剂更能抵抗碳沉积，但通常不经济。贵金属也可用于促进 Ni 催化剂，以提高其抗失活能力。为了设计最小化失活的催化剂，有必要了解 CH4 和 CO2 的活化和转化所涉及的基本步骤。这篇综述将涵盖基于 Rh、Ru、Pt 和 Pd 金属的 DRM 催化剂的文献。这包括这些贵金属对这些催化剂的动力学、机理和失活的影响。
