Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014 Jun;68(6):441-7. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12146. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
In the Japanese education system, students who fail university entrance exam often go to special preparatory schools to prepare for the following year's exam. These students are called ronin-sei. The purpose of this study was to clarify: (i) depression and somatic complaints in ronin-sei; and (ii) the association between depression, examination-related stressors, and sense of coherence (SOC).
A total of 914 ronin-sei from two preparatory schools were asked to answer a self-rating questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and SOC was measured using the SOC-13 Scale.
Overall, 57.9% of subjects were considered to have depression (CES-D ≥ 16) and 19.8% had severe depression (CES-D ≥ 26). Higher CES-D scores were associated with a higher rate of somatic complaints. In hierarchical logistic regression analysis, having no one to talk to about his/her worries and having parents who disagree about the first-choice of university and faculty were independent risk factors for depression and severe depression, respectively, even after controlling for SOC.
Preparatory school students have various somatic complaints, and their depression is in part related to examination-related stressors. To maintain mental health, it is important to enhance SOC, to understand their examination-related stressors and to provide adequate support for these students.
在日本的教育体系中，高考失利的学生通常会进入专门的预备学校为来年的考试做准备。这些学生被称为浪人学生。本研究旨在阐明：（i）浪人学生的抑郁和躯体化症状；以及（ii）抑郁、与考试相关的压力源与心理韧性（SOC）之间的关系。
两所预备学校的 914 名浪人学生被要求回答一份自评问卷。使用抑郁自评量表（CES-D）评估抑郁，使用 SOC-13 量表评估 SOC。
总体而言，57.9%的受试者被认为患有抑郁（CES-D≥16），19.8%患有重度抑郁（CES-D≥26）。CES-D 评分越高，躯体化症状的发生率越高。在分层逻辑回归分析中，与他人谈论自己的担忧、父母在大学和专业的首选上存在分歧，是抑郁和重度抑郁的独立风险因素，即使在控制了 SOC 之后也是如此。
预备学校的学生有各种躯体化症状，他们的抑郁在一定程度上与考试相关的压力源有关。为了维护心理健康，增强 SOC、了解他们的考试相关压力源并为这些学生提供充分的支持很重要。
