RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., Sustainable Development and Energy Sources Department, Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milan, Italy.
CESI SpA, V. Rubattino 54, 20134 Milan, Italy.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2014 Jun;97:120-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
Biofouling and corrosion phenomena dramatically reduce the functionality of industrial cooling circuits, especially in marine environments. This study underlines the effectiveness of a low level chlorination treatment of seawater to prevent biological fouling and biocorrosion. Reported examples emphasize the reaction of chlorine with bromide, ammonia and organic compounds in seawater and the effectiveness of a treatment performed in such a way to guarantee a residual concentration lower than 3μM at the outlet of the condensers. In a brief review of antifouling strategies, alternatives to chlorination and the monitoring approach able to optimize the treatments are also reported. An integrated, on-line system based on electrochemical probes (Biox system and a linear polarization resistance probe) demonstrated to be sufficient to monitor in real time: corrosion, biofilm growth and chemical treatments based on chlorine or alternative oxidant products (chlorine dioxide, etc.). A careful electrochemical monitoring and the optimized treatments help the plant operators of industrial cooling circuits prevent the decay of the equipment performance, allowing at the same time the control of the halogenated by-products formation.
生物污垢和腐蚀现象极大地降低了工业冷却回路的功能，特别是在海洋环境中。本研究强调了低水平氯化处理海水以防止生物污垢和生物腐蚀的有效性。报告的实例强调了氯与海水中溴化物、氨和有机化合物的反应，以及以这种方式进行处理以保证在冷凝器出口处残留浓度低于 3μM 的有效性。在简要回顾防污策略时，还报告了氯替代物和能够优化处理的监测方法。基于电化学探头（Biox 系统和线性极化电阻探头）的集成在线系统被证明足以实时监测：腐蚀、生物膜生长和基于氯或替代氧化剂产品（二氧化氯等）的化学处理。仔细的电化学监测和优化处理有助于工业冷却回路的操作人员防止设备性能下降，同时控制卤化副产物的形成。
