控制药物和化疗药物在水环境中的流行程度和阳光光解作用。
Prevalence and sunlight photolysis of controlled and chemotherapeutic drugs in aqueous environments.
机构信息
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
出版信息
Environ Pollut. 2014 Apr;187:170-81. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
This study addresses the occurrences and natural fates of chemotherapeutics and controlled drugs when found together in hospital effluents and surface waters. The results revealed the presence of 11 out of 16 drugs in hospital effluents, and the maximum detected concentrations were at the μg L(-1) level in the hospital effluents and the ng L(-1) level in surface waters. The highest concentrations corresponded to meperidine, morphine, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. The sunlight photolysis of the target compounds was investigated, and the results indicated that morphine and codeine can be significantly attenuated, with half-lives of 0.27 and 2.5 h, respectively, in natural waters. Photolysis can lower the detected environmental concentrations, also lowering the estimated environmental risks of the target drugs to human health. Nevertheless, 5-fluorouracil and codeine were found to have a high risk quotient (RQ), demonstrating the high risks of directly releasing hospital wastewater into the environment.
本研究探讨了化疗药物和管制药物同时存在于医院废水中和地表水中的情况及其自然归宿。研究结果显示，16 种药物中有 11 种出现在医院废水中，在医院废水中的检出浓度最高可达μg/L 级，在地表水中的检出浓度最高可达 ng/L 级。浓度最高的药物分别为哌替啶、吗啡、5-氟尿嘧啶和环磷酰胺。对目标化合物的阳光光解进行了研究，结果表明，在天然水中，吗啡和可待因的光解衰减明显，半衰期分别为 0.27 和 2.5 小时。光解可以降低检测到的环境浓度，从而降低目标药物对人类健康的环境风险估计。然而，5-氟尿嘧啶和可待因的风险商数（RQ）较高，表明直接将医院废水排放到环境中存在较高风险。
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