van Balkom Bas W M, van Doorn Jaap, Verhoeven-Duif Nanda M, Verhaar Marianne C
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2014 Jul;37(4):497-504. doi: 10.1007/s10545-014-9681-z. Epub 2014 Feb 8.
Extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes, have gained much attention as potent mediators of intercellular signaling. Exosomes are 50-130 nm intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVB) that are secreted into the extracellular environment upon fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane. Current research on exosomes focuses on their biogenesis, including specific sorting mechanisms, their potential to transfer proteins and RNA from their cells of origin to target cells, specific methods of vesicle isolation, and their possible application as diagnostic and therapeutic devices. Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin that contain a portion of the cytoplasm. Their molecular components represent the composition and thereby the physiological state of the cells from which they originate. In this review, we recapitulate the discovery of exosomes and the subsequent expansion of exosome research into a variety of different areas of interest, with a specific focus on how exosomes could prove to be invaluable for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications within the research field of inborn errors of metabolism.
细胞外囊泡，尤其是外泌体，作为细胞间信号传导的有效介质已备受关注。外泌体是多囊泡体（MVB）的50 - 130纳米腔内囊泡，当MVB与质膜融合时分泌到细胞外环境中。目前对外泌体的研究集中在其生物发生，包括特定的分选机制、将蛋白质和RNA从其起源细胞转移到靶细胞的潜力、囊泡分离的特定方法以及它们作为诊断和治疗工具的可能应用。外泌体是内吞起源的囊泡，包含一部分细胞质。它们的分子成分代表了其起源细胞的组成，从而反映了这些细胞的生理状态。在本综述中，我们概述了外泌体的发现以及随后外泌体研究在各种不同感兴趣领域的扩展，特别关注外泌体如何在先天性代谢缺陷研究领域的诊断和治疗应用中被证明具有极高价值。
