College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
Chem Asian J. 2020 Dec 1;15(23):3973-3982. doi: 10.1002/asia.202000873. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Exosomes are known as one of extracellular vesicles, which are found in various body fluids and released by cells. As transport carrier, exosomes participate actively in intercellular communication and reflect their characteristics uniquely to the origin cells. Due to their unique biological physical properties and physiological functions, exosomes are considered to be one of best biomarkers of cancer diagnosis. At the same time, exosomes are potential therapeutic targets and drug delivery carriers. Therefore, the characteristics, functions and analytical methods of exosomes have increasingly attracted wide attention among scientists. In this review, the recent research progress on the basic characteristics and functional applications of exosomes are summarized. Furthermore and importantly, this review focuses on the recent advance in the purification and test methods of exosomes in recent years. Finally, issues pertaining to exosome detection are presented. Based on newly discovered characteristic of exosomes, the opportunities and challenges for future research of the purification and quantitative detection methods are outlined.
外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种，存在于各种体液中，并由细胞释放。作为一种运输载体，外泌体积极参与细胞间的通讯，并独特地反映其来源细胞的特征。由于其独特的生物学物理特性和生理功能，外泌体被认为是癌症诊断的最佳生物标志物之一。同时，外泌体也是潜在的治疗靶点和药物递送载体。因此，外泌体的特性、功能和分析方法越来越引起科学家的广泛关注。本综述总结了外泌体的基本特征和功能应用的最新研究进展。此外，更重要的是，本文重点介绍了近年来外泌体的纯化和检测方法的最新进展。最后，还提出了与外泌体检测相关的问题。基于对外泌体新发现的特性，概述了未来对外泌体的纯化和定量检测方法的研究机会和挑战。
