Sara P. Chrisman, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2014 May;42(5):1190-6. doi: 10.1177/0363546513519073. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
Most states in the United States have passed laws regarding concussions, but little is known regarding the implementation of these laws. Hypothesis/
The purpose of this study was to survey high school coaches 3 years after the passage of a concussion law to evaluate the variation in concussion education and knowledge in the context of this law as well as measure the effects of sport (football vs soccer) and urban versus rural locations. The hypothesis was that concussion education and knowledge would be more extensive in football compared with soccer and in urban locations compared with rural locations.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
A mixed-methods (paper and online) survey was conducted in 2012 to 2013 on a random sample of public high school football, girls' soccer, and boys' soccer coaches in Washington State, stratified by urban and rural locality. The survey covered the extent of concussion education for coaches, athletes, and parents as well as coaches' concussion knowledge and experience.
Of 496 coaches contacted, 270 responded (54.4%). Nearly all coaches answered concussion knowledge questions correctly, and nearly all coaches received education via ≥2 modalities (written, video, slide presentation, test, and in person). Athlete education was less extensive, with 34.7% exposed to ≥2 modalities and 29.5% only signing a concussion information form. Parent education was even more limited, with 16.2% exposed to ≥2 modalities and 57.9% only signing a concussion information form. Significantly more football than soccer coaches gave their athletes an in-person talk about concussions (59.1% vs. 39.4%, respectively; P = .002) and provided concussion education to athletes via ≥2 modalities (44.1% vs. 29.7%, respectively; P = .02). Concussion education for coaches and parents was similar between sports, and concussion education for all parties was similar in urban and rural localities.
Three years after the passage of a concussion law in Washington State, high school football and soccer coaches are receiving substantial concussion education and have good concussion knowledge. Concussion education for athletes and parents is more limited. Football players receive more extensive concussion education than do soccer players.
Clinicians should be aware that athletes and parents may not be receiving significant concussion education.
美国大多数州都通过了有关脑震荡的法律，但对于这些法律的实施情况知之甚少。
假设/目的：本研究的目的是在脑震荡法律通过 3 年后调查高中教练，评估在该法律背景下脑震荡教育和知识的变化，并测量运动（足球与足球）和城市与农村地区的影响。假设是足球的脑震荡教育比足球更广泛，城市地区比农村地区更广泛。
描述性流行病学研究。
2012 年至 2013 年，在华盛顿州对公立高中足球、女子足球和男子足球教练进行了一项混合方法（纸质和在线）调查，按城市和农村位置分层。该调查涵盖了教练、运动员和家长的脑震荡教育程度，以及教练的脑震荡知识和经验。
在联系的 496 名教练中，有 270 名教练做出了回应（54.4%）。几乎所有的教练都正确回答了脑震荡知识问题，几乎所有的教练都通过≥2 种方式接受了教育（书面、视频、幻灯片演示、测试和面对面）。运动员的教育则不那么广泛，有 34.7%的运动员接受了≥2 种方式的教育，而 29.5%的运动员只签署了脑震荡信息表。家长的教育更为有限，只有 16.2%的家长接受了≥2 种方式的教育，而 57.9%的家长只签署了脑震荡信息表。与足球相比，明显有更多的足球教练对运动员进行了关于脑震荡的面对面谈话（分别为 59.1%和 39.4%；P =.002），并通过≥2 种方式向运动员提供脑震荡教育（分别为 44.1%和 29.7%；P =.02）。足球和足球教练的教练和家长的脑震荡教育相似，城市和农村地区的各方的脑震荡教育相似。
在华盛顿州通过脑震荡法律 3 年后，高中足球和足球教练接受了大量的脑震荡教育，并且具有良好的脑震荡知识。对运动员和家长的脑震荡教育更为有限。足球运动员比足球运动员接受了更广泛的脑震荡教育。
临床医生应该意识到，运动员和家长可能没有接受过重要的脑震荡教育。
