Schirmann Felix
a Theory and History of Psychology , University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.
J Hist Neurosci. 2014;23(1):56-74. doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2013.804637.
This article analyzes brain scientists' attempts to trace morality in the brain in Germany from 1930 to 1960. The debate around Karl Kleist's localization of the Gemeinschafts-Ich [community-I] in the 1930s is depicted in order to illustrate the central arguments for and against localizations of morality. The focus of this article is on the period 1936-1960 in which experts put forth specific ideas on morality's cerebral underpinnings that mirror the larger theoretical shift from strict localization doctrine to a more holistic understanding of the brain. As a result of this shift, experts avoided exact localizations of morality. Instead, they posited correlations between brain areas and morality. The analysis illustrates the dependence of neuropathological research on morality on general theories of brain functioning and marks a first contribution to the history of the neuroscience of morality for the time after 1930.
本文分析了1930年至1960年德国脑科学家在大脑中探寻道德根源的尝试。文中描述了20世纪30年代围绕卡尔·克莱斯特将“群体自我”定位于大脑特定区域的争论，以阐明支持和反对道德定位的核心论点。本文重点关注1936年至1960年这一时期，在此期间专家们提出了关于道德的大脑基础的具体观点，这些观点反映了从严格的定位学说向对大脑更全面理解的更大理论转变。由于这一转变，专家们避免对道德进行精确的定位。相反，他们假定大脑区域与道德之间存在关联。该分析说明了神经病理学对道德的研究依赖于大脑功能的一般理论，并为1930年之后的道德神经科学史做出了初步贡献。
