人类神经认知的新发展：冲动性和强迫性的临床、遗传和大脑影像相关性。
New developments in human neurocognition: clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity.
机构信息
1 Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Howlands, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK.
3 School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
出版信息
CNS Spectr. 2014 Feb;19(1):69-89. doi: 10.1017/S1092852913000801.
Abstract
Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct components of cortico-subcortical circuitry. The constructs were historically viewed as diametrically opposed, with impulsivity being associated with risk-seeking and compulsivity with harm-avoidance. However, they are increasingly recognized to be linked by shared neuropsychological mechanisms involving dysfunctional inhibition of thoughts and behaviors. In this article, we selectively review new developments in the investigation of the neurocognition of impulsivity and compulsivity in humans, in order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of impulsive, compulsive, and addictive disorders and indicate new directions for research.
摘要
冲动性和强迫性代表了有用的概念化，涉及可分离的认知功能，这些功能由皮质-皮质下回路的神经解剖学和神经化学上不同的成分介导。这两个概念在历史上被视为截然相反的，冲动性与冒险寻求有关，而强迫性与避免伤害有关。然而，它们越来越被认为是通过涉及思想和行为的抑制功能障碍的共同神经心理机制联系在一起的。在本文中，我们选择性地回顾了人类冲动性和强迫性神经认知研究的新进展，以增进我们对冲动、强迫和成瘾障碍的病理生理学的理解，并为研究指明新的方向。
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