Winward Jennifer L, Hanson Karen L, Bekman Nicole M, Tapert Susan F, Brown Sandra A
1 Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014 Feb;20(2):218-29. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713001410.
The present study investigated the rate and pattern of neuropsychological recovery in heavy episodic drinking teens during the initial days to weeks of abstinence from alcohol. Adolescents (ages, 16-18 years) with histories of heavy episodic drinking (HED; N = 39) and socio-demographically similar control teens (CON; N = 26) were recruited from San Diego area schools. HED and CON were comparable on 5th grade standardized math and language arts test performance to ensure similar functioning before onset of substance use. Participants were administered three neuropsychological test batteries with 2-week intervals during a 4-week monitored abstinence period. HED teens performed worse overall than CON on tests of prospective memory (p = .005), cognitive switching (p = .039), inhibition task accuracy (p = .001), verbal memory (p's < .045), visuospatial construction (p's < .043), and language and achievement (p's < .008). The statistically significant group × time interaction for block design demonstrated normalization within the 4 weeks of abstinence for the HED (p = .009). This study identified cognitive performance deficits associated with heavy episodic drinking in adolescence during early abstinence and with sustained 4-week abstention. These findings suggest alcohol-related influences on several underlying brain systems that may predate the onset of alcohol abuse or dependence or take longer than 4 weeks to recover.
本研究调查了重度间歇性饮酒青少年在戒酒最初几天至几周内神经心理恢复的速度和模式。从圣地亚哥地区的学校招募了有重度间歇性饮酒史（HED；N = 39）的青少年（年龄16 - 18岁）以及社会人口统计学特征相似的对照青少年（CON；N = 26）。HED组和CON组在五年级标准化数学和语言艺术测试成绩上相当，以确保在开始使用药物之前功能相似。在为期4周的监测戒酒期内，参与者每隔2周接受三次神经心理测试。在前瞻性记忆测试（p = .005）、认知转换测试（p = .039）、抑制任务准确性测试（p = .001）、言语记忆测试（p值 < .045）、视觉空间构建测试（p值 < .043）以及语言和成就测试（p值 < .008）中，HED组青少年的总体表现比CON组差。对于积木设计，具有统计学意义的组×时间交互作用表明，HED组在戒酒4周内恢复正常（p = .009）。本研究确定了青少年早期戒酒期间以及持续4周戒酒期间与重度间歇性饮酒相关的认知表现缺陷。这些发现表明酒精对几个潜在脑系统有影响，这些影响可能在酒精滥用或依赖开始之前就已存在，或者需要超过4周的时间才能恢复。
