Reduced MyD88 dependency of ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant in a DNA prime-protein boost HIV vaccine.

ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant is an integrated adjuvant system due to its ability to both facilitate antigen delivery and immunomodulate the innate and adaptive immune responses to vaccination. ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant strongly induces both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in formulation with a range of antigens in pre-clinical and clinical evaluations. In this study, we describe the adaptive and innate immune responses associated with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant in the context of a previously described HIV-1 vaccine, DP6-001. The DP6-001 vaccine consists of a unique pentavalent HIV-1 Env DNA prime-protein boost regimen. This study demonstrates the potent induction of vaccine-specific antibodies in a mouse model, as well as broadly neutralizing antibodies in immunized rabbits. In addition, we identify a potentially critical role for DNA priming in the induction of the vaccine-specific immune response as well as the serum cytokine profiles associated with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant. Most interestingly, DNA prime immunizations made ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant less dependent on the central innate immune adaptor MyD88, revealing a previously unknown mechanism that may expand our knowledge on the use of adjuvants.