O'Dorisio M S
Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43205.
Int J Neurosci. 1988 Jan;38(1-2):189-98. doi: 10.3109/00207458809000497.
The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P, and somatostatin are found in high concentrations in both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Specific high affinity receptors for VIP, substance P and somatostatin have been identified on both human and murine lymphocytes, suggesting a role for each of these neuropeptides in a neuroimmune axis. These peptides may be important modulators of mucosal immunity regulating lymphocyte proliferation and trafficking in gut associated lymphoid tissue, synthesis of IgA, and histamine release. Somatostatin antagonism of both VIP and substance P effects has been observed in the immune system. Though the mechanisms by which these neuropeptides modulate immune function have not been completely delineated, current evidence supports the hypothesis that VIP modulates immune function via cAMP dependent pathways while substance P regulation of the immune response involves phospholipid metabolism. Somatostatin inhibition of both cAMP dependent and phospholipid dependent effects has been documented in endocrine tissues. Delineation of the role of these peptide-peptide interactions in modulation of the immune response promises to be a fruitful area for further investigation.
神经肽血管活性肠肽（VIP）、P物质和生长抑素在中枢神经系统和胃肠道中均有高浓度存在。在人类和鼠类淋巴细胞上均已鉴定出VIP、P物质和生长抑素的特异性高亲和力受体，这表明这些神经肽各自在神经免疫轴中发挥作用。这些肽可能是黏膜免疫的重要调节因子，可调节肠道相关淋巴组织中的淋巴细胞增殖和运输、IgA的合成以及组胺释放。在免疫系统中已观察到生长抑素对VIP和P物质作用的拮抗作用。尽管这些神经肽调节免疫功能的机制尚未完全阐明，但目前的证据支持以下假设：VIP通过cAMP依赖性途径调节免疫功能，而P物质对免疫反应的调节涉及磷脂代谢。在内分泌组织中已记录到生长抑素对cAMP依赖性和磷脂依赖性效应的抑制作用。阐明这些肽 - 肽相互作用在调节免疫反应中的作用有望成为进一步研究的一个富有成果的领域。
