Leasher Janet L, Lansingh Van, Flaxman Seth R, Jonas Jost B, Keeffe Jill, Naidoo Kovin, Pesudovs Konrad, Price Holly, Silva Juan Carlos, White Richard A, Wong Tien Y, Resnikoff Serge, Taylor Hugh R, Bourne Rupert R A
Nova Southeastern University, , Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 May;98(5):619-28. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304013. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
To present regional estimates of the magnitude and temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate/severe visual impairment (MSVI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).
A systematic review of cross-sectional population-representative data from published literature and unpublished studies was accessed and extracted to model the estimated prevalence of vision loss by region, country and globally, and the attributable cause fraction by region.
In the LAC combined region, estimated all-age both-gender age-standardised prevalence of blindness halved from 0.8% (0.6 to 1.1) in 1990 to 0.4% (0.4 to 0.6) in 2010 and MSVI decreased from 4.3% (3.1 to 5.3) to 2.7% (2.2 to 3.4). In the Caribbean, estimated all-age both-gender age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased from 0.6% (0.4 to 0.8) in 1990 to 0.5% (0.4 to 0.6) in 2010 and MSVI decreased from 3.3% (1.3 to 4.1) in 1990 to 2.9% (1.8 to 3.8). In the LAC regions combined, there was an estimated 2.3 million blind and 14.1 million with MSVI in 2010. In 2010, cataract continues to contribute the largest proportion of blindness, except in Southern Latin America where macular degeneration is most common. In 2010, uncorrected refractive error was the most common cause of MSVI.
While models suggest a decrease in age-standardised prevalence estimates, better data are needed to evaluate the disparities in the region. The increasing numbers of older people, coupled with the increase in vision loss associated with older age, will require further intervention to continue to reduce prevalence rates and to prevent a rise in absolute numbers of blind.
呈现拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）失明及中度/重度视力损害（MSVI）的患病率及病因的规模和时间趋势的区域估计。
对已发表文献和未发表研究中的横断面代表性数据进行系统综述，以模拟按区域、国家和全球范围估计的视力丧失患病率，以及按区域划分的可归因病因比例。
在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，估计全年龄段两性年龄标准化失明患病率从1990年的0.8%（0.6至1.1）减半至2010年的0.4%（0.4至0.6），MSVI从4.3%（3.1至5.3）降至2.7%（2.2至3.4）。在加勒比地区，估计全年龄段两性年龄标准化失明患病率从1990年的0.6%（0.4至0.8）降至2010年的0.5%（0.4至0.6），MSVI从1990年的3.3%（1.3至4.1）降至2.9%（1.8至3.8）。2010年，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区合计估计有230万盲人，1410万人患有MSVI。2010年，除拉丁美洲南部黄斑变性最为常见外，白内障仍是导致失明的最大比例病因。2010年，未矫正屈光不正为MSVI最常见病因。
虽然模型显示年龄标准化患病率估计值有所下降，但仍需要更好的数据来评估该地区的差异。老年人数量不断增加，加上与年龄相关的视力丧失增加，将需要进一步干预，以继续降低患病率，并防止盲人绝对数量上升。
