Stalmach Małgorzata, Jodkowska Maria, Tabak Izabela, Oblacińska Anna
Zakład Zdrowia Dzieci i Młodzieży, Instytut Matki i Dziecka, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warszawa,
Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2013 Oct-Dec;17(4):324-33.
To examine the level of optimism in 13-year-olds and the relationship between optimism and self-reported health and family psychosocial and economic factors.
Adolescents at the age of 13 years (n=605) and their parents, identified in the third stage of a prospective cohort study in 2008, was analysed. To examine the level of optimism the short Polish version of the Wagnilda and Young scale (Resilience Scale) were used. The level of optimism and the relationship between family socio-economic factors and family functioning in the family (parenting practices, satisfaction with family contacts) were examined. For the evaluation of probability of a high level of optimism among 13-year-old girls and boys the multivariate model of logistic was used.
Girls had a significantly higher level of optimism. Girls and boys with positive attitude to life rated their health significantly better than their peers with negative attitude. Univariate analyses showed that with the level of optimism father's education level among girls and the professional status of the parents among boys, was significantly associated. Family affluence reported by children, positive parenting and satisfaction with family contacts, were significantly associated with the attitude to life, both in girls and boys. The level of optimism among boys was also related with the level of discipline by the mother and the level of control exercised by both parents. Finally, for girls multiple regression analyses showed that father's positive parenting was a predictor of high level of optimism [OR=0,45; CI(OR):0,23-0,85; p=0,014]. In boys, mother's positive parenting [OR=0,39; CI(OR):0,19-0,82; p=0,013] and appropriate father's control were found to be significant predictors of optimism [OR=0,33; CI(OR): 0,13-0,84; p=0,020].
Very high self-reported health by the majority of young people with positive attitude to life shows that optimism is a strong predictor of subjective health. Positive parenting practices and good level of parental control, have a significant impact on optimism in teenagers.
研究13岁青少年的乐观水平，以及乐观与自我报告的健康状况、家庭心理社会和经济因素之间的关系。
对2008年一项前瞻性队列研究第三阶段中确定的13岁青少年（n = 605）及其父母进行分析。为了研究乐观水平，使用了Wagnilda和Young量表（复原力量表）的波兰语简短版本。研究了乐观水平以及家庭社会经济因素与家庭功能（养育方式、对家庭联系的满意度）之间的关系。为了评估13岁女孩和男孩中高度乐观的概率，使用了逻辑多元模型。
女孩的乐观水平显著更高。对生活持积极态度的女孩和男孩对自己健康状况的评价明显优于持消极态度的同龄人。单因素分析表明，女孩的乐观水平与父亲的教育程度有关，男孩的乐观水平与父母的职业地位有关。孩子报告的家庭富裕程度、积极的养育方式以及对家庭联系的满意度，与女孩和男孩对生活的态度都显著相关。男孩的乐观水平还与母亲的管教程度和父母双方的控制程度有关。最后，多元回归分析表明，父亲的积极养育方式是女孩高度乐观的一个预测因素[比值比（OR）= 0.45；可信区间（CI）：0.23 - 0.85；p = 0.014]。在男孩中，母亲的积极养育方式[OR = 0.39；CI：0.19 - 0.82；p = 0.013]和父亲适当的控制被发现是乐观的显著预测因素[OR = 0.33；CI：0.13 - 0.84；p = 0.020]。
大多数对生活持积极态度的年轻人自我报告的健康状况非常好，这表明乐观是主观健康的一个强有力的预测因素。积极的养育方式和良好的父母控制水平，对青少年的乐观情绪有显著影响。
