Mazur Joanna, Dzielska Anna, Kołoło Hanna, Małkowska-Szkutnik Agnieszka
Zakład Ochrony i Promocji Zdrowia Dzieci i Młodziezy, Instytut Matki i Dziecka, Warszawa.
Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2010 Jul-Sep;14(3):282-93.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of body image on the subjective health of adolescents, taking into consideration the modifying factors.
The data were collected in 2008 as part of a postal survey conducted among 605 children born in Poland in January 1995. Self-reported health was analysed in two categories: 1) excellent or very good health; 2) good, fair or poor health. Body image was examined using three variables: self-perception of physical appearance, subjective assessment of body weight and self-body image according to the Body Image Subscale (BIS) by Orbach and Mikulincer. In addition, the impact of twelve other variables was analysed, which were related to: socio-demographic characteristics, physical and psychosocial health and also social relations. The impact of all the fifteen variables on self-rated health was compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
In the surveyed group, 31.9% of adolescents assessed their health as worse than very good, of which 6.3% considered it fair or poor. Gender, place of residence and body mass index (BMI) had no impact on health self-assessment. The percentage of those who assessed their health as worse than very good, was equal to 48.5% in the group which had a very negative attitude towards their body, and 61.5% in the subgroup which had big reservations about their body image. In the multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor variables for worse health self-assessment were chronic diseases and negative self-body image. The following factors, which can protect young people against worse well-being, were included in the final model: positive thinking, social support and high physical activity.
There exist many factors which influence the self-perceived health in early adolescence, and they may not be classified only as physical ailments. Body image appears to be a very important factor at that age. High physical activity, support from family, peers and neighbours and positive attitude toward themselves are important resources for health which affect adolescents' well-being.
本研究的目的是评估身体意象对青少年主观健康的影响，并考虑调节因素。
数据于2008年收集，作为对1995年1月在波兰出生的605名儿童进行的邮政调查的一部分。自我报告的健康状况分为两类进行分析：1）健康状况极佳或非常好；2）健康状况良好、一般或较差。身体意象通过三个变量进行考察：外貌自我认知、体重主观评估以及根据奥尔巴赫和米库林纳的身体意象分量表（BIS）得出的自我身体意象。此外，还分析了其他十二个变量的影响，这些变量与社会人口统计学特征、身体和心理社会健康以及社会关系有关。使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归比较了所有十五个变量对自我评定健康的影响。
在被调查群体中，31.9%的青少年将自己的健康状况评定为比非常好更差，其中6.3%认为健康状况一般或较差。性别、居住地点和体重指数（BMI）对健康自我评估没有影响。那些将自己的健康状况评定为比非常好更差的人，在对自己身体持非常消极态度的群体中占48.5%，在对自己身体意象有很大保留意见的子群体中占61.5%。在多变量分析中，健康自我评估较差的最强预测变量是慢性病和消极的自我身体意象。最终模型纳入了以下能保护年轻人免受较差幸福感影响的因素：积极思考、社会支持和高体力活动。
存在许多影响青春期早期自我认知健康的因素，且这些因素不能仅归类为身体疾病。身体意象在那个年龄段似乎是一个非常重要的因素。高体力活动、来自家人、同伴和邻居的支持以及对自己的积极态度是影响青少年幸福感的重要健康资源。
