Broeders Evie, Bouvy Nicole D, van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D
Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , the Netherlands.
Ann Med. 2015 Mar;47(2):123-32. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2013.874663. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
Obesity is the result of disequilibrium between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Successful long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve with current strategies for the correction of this caloric imbalance. Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a possible therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. In recent years, more knowledge about the function and stimulation of bat has been obtained. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is currently seen as the main effector for brown fat function. Also, interplay between the thyroid axis and SNS plays an important role in BAT thermogenesis. Almost daily new pathways for the induction of BAT thermogenesis and 'browning' of white adipose tissue (WAT) are identified. Especially the activation of BAT via endogenous pathways has received strong scientific attention. Here we will discuss the relevance of several pathways in activating BAT and their implications for the treatment of obesity. In this review we will focus on the discussion of the most promising endocrine and paracrine pathways to stimulate BAT, by factors and pathways that naturally occur in the human body.
肥胖是能量摄入与能量消耗（EE）失衡的结果。当前纠正这种热量失衡的策略难以实现长期成功减重。棕色脂肪组织（BAT）中的非寒战产热（NST）是预防和治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的一个可能的治疗靶点。近年来，人们对BAT的功能和刺激有了更多了解。目前，交感神经系统（SNS）被视为棕色脂肪功能的主要效应器。此外，甲状腺轴与SNS之间的相互作用在BAT产热中起重要作用。几乎每天都会发现诱导BAT产热和白色脂肪组织（WAT）“褐色化”的新途径。特别是通过内源性途径激活BAT受到了强烈的科学关注。在此，我们将讨论激活BAT的几种途径的相关性及其对肥胖治疗的意义。在本综述中，我们将重点讨论通过人体中自然存在的因子和途径刺激BAT的最有前景的内分泌和旁分泌途径。
