*Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
†Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Biochem J. 2014 Mar 1;458(2):187-93. doi: 10.1042/BJ20131501.
Emerging evidence points to the involvement of specialized cells of the immune system as key drivers in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes are an essential cell component of the innate immune system that rapidly mobilize from the bone marrow to wounded tissues where they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells and trigger an immune response. In the healthy heart a limited, but near-constant, number of resident macrophages have been detected; however, this number significantly increases during cardiac damage. Shortly after initial cardiac injury, e.g. myocardial infarction, a large number of macrophages harbouring a pro-inflammatory profile (M1) are rapidly recruited to the cardiac tissue, where they contribute to cardiac remodelling. After this initial period, resolution takes place in the wound, and the infiltrated macrophages display a predominant deactivation/pro-resolution profile (M2), promoting cardiac repair by mediating pro-fibrotic responses. In the present review we focus on the role of the immune cells, particularly in the monocyte/macrophage population, in the progression of the major cardiac pathologies myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis.
新出现的证据表明，免疫系统的特化细胞是心血管疾病病理生理学的关键驱动因素。单核细胞是先天免疫系统的重要细胞成分，它们可以从骨髓迅速动员到受伤组织中，并分化为巨噬细胞或树突状细胞，从而引发免疫反应。在健康的心脏中，已经检测到有限但近乎恒定数量的驻留巨噬细胞；然而，在心脏损伤期间，这个数量会显著增加。在初始的心脏损伤后，例如心肌梗死，大量具有促炎表型的巨噬细胞（M1）迅速被招募到心脏组织中，在那里它们有助于心脏重塑。在这个初始阶段之后，伤口会发生愈合，浸润的巨噬细胞表现出主要的失活/消退表型（M2），通过介导促纤维化反应促进心脏修复。在本综述中，我们重点关注免疫细胞，特别是单核细胞/巨噬细胞群体在心肌梗死和动脉粥样硬化等主要心脏疾病进展中的作用。
