*Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA †InCyte Diagnostics, Spokane, WA ‡Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center §Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2014 Mar;38(3):e1-5. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000168.
In the United States, recent judicial interpretation of interstate licensure laws has found pathologists guilty of malpractice and, more importantly, the criminal practice of medicine without a license. These judgments against pathologists highlight the need for a timely and comprehensive survey of licensure requirements and laws regulating the interstate practice of pathology. For all 50 states, each state medical practice act and state medical board website was reviewed. In addition, each medical board was directly contacted by electronic mail, telephone, or US registered mail for information regarding specific legislation or guidelines related to the interstate practice of pathology. On the basis of this information, states were grouped according to similarities in legislation and medical board regulations. This comprehensive survey has determined that states define the practice of pathology on the basis of the geographic location of the patient at the time of surgery or phlebotomy. The majority of states (n=32) and the District of Columbia allow for a physician with an out-of-state license to perform limited consultation to a physician with the specific state license. Several states (n=5) prohibit physicians from consultation without a license for the specific state. Overall, these results reveal the heterogeneity of licensure requirements between states. Pathologists who either practice in multiple states, send cases to out-of-state consultants, or serve as consultants themselves should familiarize themselves with the medical licensure laws of the states from which they receive or send cases.
在美国，最近对州际执照法律的司法解释认定病理学家犯有医疗事故罪，更重要的是，他们在没有执照的情况下从事非法行医。这些针对病理学家的判决强调了及时全面调查执照要求和规范州际病理实践的必要性。我们查阅了所有 50 个州的每一个州的行医法案和州医疗委员会的网站，并通过电子邮件、电话或美国挂号信直接联系每个医疗委员会，以获取与州际病理实践相关的具体立法或指南信息。在此基础上，根据立法和医疗委员会规定的相似性对各州进行了分组。这项全面调查确定，各州根据手术或采血时患者的地理位置来定义病理实践。大多数州（n=32）和哥伦比亚特区允许州外执照的医生对具有特定州执照的医生进行有限的咨询。有几个州（n=5）禁止医生在没有特定州执照的情况下进行咨询。总的来说，这些结果揭示了各州之间执照要求的异质性。在多个州执业、将病例转介给州外顾问或担任顾问的病理学家应该熟悉他们接收或转介病例的州的医疗执照法律。
