London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre of Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Addiction. 2014 May;109(5):720-7. doi: 10.1111/add.12486. Epub 2014 Feb 16.
To review systematically the literature on the economic impact of smoking bans in bars and restaurants and provide an estimate of the impact size using meta-analysis.
Studies were identified by systematic database searches and screening references of reviews and relevant studies. Google and web-pages of tobacco control agencies were also searched. The review identified 56 studies using absolute sales, sales ratio or employment data and employing regression methods to evaluate the impact of smoking bans in the United States, Australia or in countries in South America or Europe. The meta-analysis included 39 comparable studies, with 129 cases identified based on the outcome measure, scope of the ban, type of establishment and geographical location. Methodological quality was assessed based on four pre-determined criteria. Study and case selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers.
Random-effects meta-analysis of all cases showed no associations between smoking bans and changes in absolute sales or employment. An increase in the share of bar and restaurant sector sales in total retail sales was associated with smoking bans [0.23 percentage-points; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.375]. When cases were separated by business type (bars or restaurants or wider hospitality including bars and restaurants), some differential impacts emerged.
Meta-analysis of the economic impact of smoking bans in hospitality sector showed overall no substantial economic gains or losses. Differential impacts were observed across individual business types and outcome variable, but at aggregate level these appear to balance out.
系统回顾酒吧和餐厅禁烟令对经济影响的文献，并采用荟萃分析估计影响规模。
通过系统数据库检索和综述及相关研究参考文献筛选来确定研究。还对谷歌和烟草控制机构的网页进行了搜索。该综述共识别出 56 项使用绝对销售额、销售比或就业数据并采用回归方法评估美国、澳大利亚或南美洲或欧洲国家禁烟令影响的研究。荟萃分析纳入了 39 项可比研究，根据结果衡量标准、禁令范围、机构类型和地理位置确定了 129 个案例。根据四个预先确定的标准评估方法学质量。研究和案例选择以及数据提取由两名研究人员独立进行。
所有案例的随机效应荟萃分析显示，禁烟令与绝对销售额或就业变化之间无关联。酒吧和餐厅部门销售额在总零售额中所占份额的增加与禁烟令相关[0.23 个百分点；95%置信区间（CI）0.08-0.375]。当按企业类型（酒吧、餐厅或更广泛的包括酒吧和餐厅的酒店业）划分案例时，出现了一些不同的影响。
对酒店业禁烟令经济影响的荟萃分析表明，总体上没有实质性的经济收益或损失。在个别企业类型和结果变量方面观察到了不同的影响，但在总体水平上，这些影响似乎相互平衡。
