与家庭暴力相关的因素：沙特阿拉伯吉达市女性的横断面调查。
Factors associated with domestic violence: a cross-sectional survey among women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
作者信息
Fageeh Wafa M K
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2014 Feb 14;4(2):e004242. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004242.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to identify the factors associated with domestic violence (DV) among women in Jeddah.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.
SETTING
Outpatient departments of three tertiary hospitals in Jeddah.
PARTICIPANTS
Convenience sample of women, aged 15-70 years, at the outpatient and inpatient clinics.
INTERVENTIONS
Between 15 December 2011 and 30 May 2012, a psychologist and a professional health assistant explained the purpose of the research to participants, who were then asked to fill a 50-item questionnaire. The questionnaire was created based on questions from three questionnaires: the NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The questionnaire was used to assess the association between DV and family status, male partner attitudes, age, educational attainment, employment, financial and socioeconomic status.
RESULTS
A total of 2301 women participated in the survey (81% response rate). The mean±SD age of the participants was 34.4±10.9 years. The lifetime prevalence of DV was 34%. Abused women had more children than non-abused women (p=0.001), and their spouses were significantly older than those of non-abused women (p<0.0001). Financially dependent women and those with a high educational status were significantly more likely to report abuse (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Abused women were also likely to report that their spouse was a smoker (p<0.0001) and had completed at least primary or secondary education (p<0.0001). A significantly lower proportion of abused women reported that their male partners were alcohol users (p=0.001). The results of logistic regression showed that women who were financially dependent had about 1.5-fold odds of being physically abused by a spouse.
CONCLUSIONS
Many factors are associated with DV against women, thereby highlighting the need to design effective DV prevention programmes.
目的
本研究旨在确定吉达市女性中与家庭暴力（DV）相关的因素。
设计
横断面调查。
地点
吉达市三家三级医院的门诊部。
参与者
在门诊和住院部就诊的15至70岁女性的便利样本。
干预措施
在2011年12月15日至2012年5月30日期间，一名心理学家和一名专业健康助理向参与者解释了研究目的，然后要求她们填写一份包含50个条目的问卷。该问卷是根据三份问卷中的问题编制而成：诺尔沃尔德家庭暴力问卷、妊娠风险评估监测系统和堪萨斯婚姻满意度量表。该问卷用于评估家庭暴力与家庭状况、男性伴侣态度、年龄、教育程度、就业、财务和社会经济状况之间的关联。
结果
共有2301名女性参与了调查（应答率为81%）。参与者的平均年龄±标准差为34.4±10.9岁。家庭暴力的终生患病率为34%。受虐女性比未受虐女性生育的子女更多（p=0.001），其配偶的年龄明显大于未受虐女性的配偶（p<0.0001）。经济上依赖他人的女性和教育程度高的女性报告遭受虐待的可能性明显更高（分别为p=0.003和p<0.001）。受虐女性还倾向于报告其配偶是吸烟者（p<0.0001）且至少完成了小学或中学教育（p<0.0001）。报告其男性伴侣饮酒的受虐女性比例明显较低（p=0.001）。逻辑回归结果显示，经济上依赖他人的女性遭受配偶身体虐待的几率约为1.5倍。
结论
许多因素与针对女性的家庭暴力相关，从而凸显了设计有效家庭暴力预防方案的必要性。
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