伊拉克埃尔比勒暴力侵害妇女行为与宗教和文化的关系：一项横断面研究。
Association of violence against women with religion and culture in Erbil Iraq: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 17;12:800. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-800.
BACKGROUND
Violence against women by intimate partners is still a public health problem. The study aims at finding out the prevalence of violence among women residing in Erbil city (Muslim culture) and in Ankawa sub-district (Christian culture), finding out the role of religion and culture on the prevalence, and finding out some other factors (like occupation of husband and wife, age at marriage, woman agreement for marriage, illegitimate relations of husband) that might be associated with violence.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Erbil during the second half of the year 2011. Two groups were considered; group one (G1) included women residing in Ankawa sub-district (representing Christian culture), and group two (G2) included women residing in Erbil city (representing Muslim culture). A convenience method of sampling was used to collect the sample (250 women of each group). Questionnaire was designed to collect information about history of exposure to physical, sexual, and psychological violence, in addition to the related factors. These forms were distributed (by women of the Assyrian Women Union) in sealed envelopes to women attending the Mass in three churches located in Ankawa. Women of Erbil group were recruited from the maternity teaching hospital of Erbil. The same questionnaire was distributed to them by the same team. Binary logistic regression was used to show the independent effect of each factor on the prevalence of violence.
RESULTS
Overall prevalence of violence (physical and/or sexual) in G2 (20.8%) was higher than that of G1 (18.8%). The prevalence of psychological violence was 40% in Erbil, which was significantly higher than the prevalence (24.8%) of Ankawa. The rates of physical and sexual violence were also higher in Erbil (18.4%, and 10.8% respectively) than rates of Ankawa (16.8% and 8% respectively). Factors found to be significantly associated with overall violence were: culture of Erbil, alcoholic husband, wife working as manual worker (compared with professionals), and having children.
CONCLUSION
Violence against women is a serious public health issue. There was significant role of culture on the prevalence of violence.
背景
亲密伴侣对女性的暴力行为仍然是一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在了解埃尔比勒市（穆斯林文化）和安卡瓦分区（基督教文化）的妇女中暴力行为的流行率，了解宗教和文化对流行率的影响，并了解一些其他因素（如夫妻的职业、结婚年龄、妇女对婚姻的同意、丈夫的非法关系）可能与暴力有关。
方法
本研究于 2011 年下半年在埃尔比勒进行了一项横断面研究。考虑了两个组；一组（G1）包括居住在安卡瓦分区的妇女（代表基督教文化），另一组（G2）包括居住在埃尔比勒市的妇女（代表穆斯林文化）。采用便利抽样法收集样本（每组 250 名妇女）。问卷设计用于收集有关身体、性和心理暴力暴露史以及相关因素的信息。这些表格由亚述妇女联盟的妇女以密封信封的形式分发给在安卡瓦的三个教堂参加弥撒的妇女。埃尔比勒组的妇女是从埃尔比勒妇产教学医院招募的。同一团队向她们分发了相同的问卷。使用二项逻辑回归来显示每个因素对暴力流行率的独立影响。
结果
G2（20.8%）总体暴力（身体和/或性）发生率高于 G1（18.8%）。埃尔比勒的心理暴力发生率为 40%，明显高于安卡瓦的 24.8%。埃尔比勒的身体和性暴力发生率也高于安卡瓦（分别为 18.4%和 10.8%）。与整体暴力显著相关的因素有：埃尔比勒文化、酗酒的丈夫、妻子从事体力劳动者（与专业人员相比）、有孩子。
结论
针对妇女的暴力行为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。文化对暴力的流行率有显著影响。
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