Seidl Michael F, Thomma Bart P H J
Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Bioessays. 2014 Apr;36(4):335-45. doi: 10.1002/bies.201300155. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
All species continuously evolve to adapt to changing environments. The genetic variation that fosters such adaptation is caused by a plethora of mechanisms, including meiotic recombination that generates novel allelic combinations in the progeny of two parental lineages. However, a considerable number of eukaryotic species, including many fungi, do not have an apparent sexual cycle and are consequently thought to be limited in their evolutionary potential. As such organisms are expected to have reduced capability to eliminate deleterious mutations, they are often considered as evolutionary dead ends. However, inspired by recent reports we argue that such organisms can be as persistent as organisms with conventional sexual cycles through the use of other mechanisms, such as genomic rearrangements, to foster adaptation.
所有物种都在不断进化以适应不断变化的环境。促进这种适应的遗传变异是由多种机制引起的，包括减数分裂重组，它在两个亲本谱系的后代中产生新的等位基因组合。然而，相当多的真核生物物种，包括许多真菌，没有明显的有性周期，因此被认为其进化潜力有限。由于这类生物被认为消除有害突变的能力降低，它们常被视为进化的死胡同。然而，受近期报告的启发，我们认为这类生物可以通过使用其他机制，如基因组重排，来促进适应，从而像具有传统有性周期的生物一样持久。
