a Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Sports and Recreation , Millennium Institute of Sport and Health , Rosedale, North Shore, Auckland , New Zealand.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(1):44-52. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2012.725105. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
The effects of saddle height on pedal forces and joint kinetics (e.g. mechanical work) are unclear. Therefore, we assessed the effects of saddle height on pedal forces, joint mechanical work and kinematics in 12 cyclists and 12 triathletes. Four sub-maximal 2-min cycling trials (3.4 W/kg and 90 rpm) were conducted using preferred, low and high saddle heights (±10° knee flexion at 6 o'clock crank position from the individual preferred height) and an advocated optimal saddle height (25° knee flexion at 6 o'clock crank position). Right pedal forces and lower limb kinematics were compared using effect sizes (ES). Increases in saddle height (5% of preferred height, ES=4.6) resulted in large increases in index of effectiveness (7%, ES=1.2) at the optimal compared to the preferred saddle height for cyclists. Greater knee (11-15%, ES=1.6) and smaller hip (6-8%, ES=1.7) angles were observed at the low (cyclists and triathletes) and preferred (triathletes only) saddle heights compared to high and optimal saddle heights. Smaller hip angle (5%, ES=1.0) and greater hip range of motion (9%, ES=1.0) were observed at the preferred saddle height for triathletes compared to cyclists. Changes in saddle height up to 5% of preferred saddle height for cyclists and 7% for triathletes affected hip and knee angles but not joint mechanical work. Cyclists and triathletes would opt for saddle heights <5 and <7%, respectively, within a range of their existing saddle height.
鞍座高度对踩踏力和关节动力学（例如机械功）的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们评估了鞍座高度对 12 名自行车运动员和 12 名三项全能运动员的踩踏力、关节机械功和运动学的影响。使用个体偏好高度的±10°（6 点钟曲柄位置处的膝关节弯曲）的低和高鞍座高度（±10°膝关节弯曲）和提倡的最佳鞍座高度（6 点钟曲柄位置处的 25°膝关节弯曲）进行了四个次最大的 2 分钟自行车试验（3.4 W/kg 和 90 rpm）。使用效应大小（ES）比较右踏板力和下肢运动学。鞍座高度增加（5%的偏好高度，ES=4.6）会导致在最佳鞍座高度（与自行车运动员的偏好鞍座高度相比）下的效率指数（7%，ES=1.2）显著增加。与高和最佳鞍座高度相比，在低（自行车运动员和三项全能运动员）和偏好（仅三项全能运动员）鞍座高度下，观察到更大的膝关节（11-15%，ES=1.6）和更小的髋关节（6-8%，ES=1.7）角度。与自行车运动员相比，在三项全能运动员的偏好鞍座高度下，观察到更小的髋关节角度（5%，ES=1.0）和更大的髋关节运动范围（9%，ES=1.0）。对于自行车运动员和三项全能运动员，鞍座高度的变化高达偏好鞍座高度的 5%和 7%会影响髋关节和膝关节角度，但不会影响关节机械功。自行车运动员和三项全能运动员将分别在其现有鞍座高度范围内选择小于 5%和小于 7%的鞍座高度。
