Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West Donggang Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 May 1;479-480:77-92. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.095. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
The Kubuqi Desert suffered more severe wind erosion hazard. Every year, a mass of aeolian sand was blown in the Ten Tributaries that are tributaries of the Yellow River. To estimate the quantity of aeolian sediment blown into the Ten Tributaries from the Kubuqi Desert, it is necessary to simulate the saltation processes of the Kubuqi Desert. A saltation submodel of the IWEMS (Integrated Wind-Erosion Modeling System) and its accompanying RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) methods were used to model saltation emissions in the Kubuqi Desert. To calibrate the saltation submodel, frontal area of vegetation, soil moisture, wind velocity and saltation sediment were observed synchronously on several points in 2011 and 2012. In this study, a model namely BEACH (Bridge Event And Continuous Hydrological) was introduced to simulate the daily soil moisture. Using the surface parameters (frontal area of vegetation and soil moisture) along with the observed wind velocities and saltation sediments for the observed points, the saltation model was calibrated and validated. To reduce the simulate error, a subdaily wind velocity program, WINDGEN was introduced in this model to simulate the hourly wind velocity of the Kubuqi Desert. By incorporating simulated hourly wind velocity, and model variables, the saltation emission of the Kubuqi Desert was modeled. The model results show that the total sediment flow rate was 1-30.99 tons/m over the last 10years (2001-2010). The saltation emission mainly occurs in the north central part of the Kubuqi Desert in winter and spring. Integrating the wind directions, the quantity of the aeolian sediment that deposits in the Ten Tributaries was estimated. Compared with the observed data by the local government and hydrometric stations, our estimation is reasonable.
库布齐沙漠遭受了更严重的风蚀危害。每年，大量的风成沙都会被吹入黄河的十大支流。为了估算从库布齐沙漠吹入十大支流的风成沉积物的数量，有必要模拟库布齐沙漠的跃移过程。利用IWEMS（综合风蚀模拟系统）的跃移子模型及其伴随的 RS（遥感）和 GIS（地理信息系统）方法，对库布齐沙漠的跃移排放进行建模。为了校准跃移子模型，于 2011 年和 2012 年在几个点同步观测植被的迎风面积、土壤湿度、风速和跃移沉积物。在本研究中，引入了一种名为 BEACH（桥梁事件和连续水文）的模型来模拟日土壤湿度。利用观测点的地表参数（植被迎风面积和土壤湿度）以及观测到的风速和跃移沉积物，对跃移模型进行了校准和验证。为了减少模拟误差，本模型引入了一个亚日风速程序 WINDGEN 来模拟库布齐沙漠的小时风速。通过将模拟的小时风速和模型变量结合起来，对库布齐沙漠的跃移排放进行了建模。模型结果表明，在过去的 10 年（2001-2010 年）中，总泥沙流率为 1-30.99 吨/米。跃移排放主要发生在库布齐沙漠的中北部，冬季和春季。结合风向，估算了在十大支流中沉积的风成沉积物的数量。与当地政府和水文站的观测数据相比，我们的估计是合理的。
