Gadó Klára, Domján Gyula
Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Korányi S. u. 2/A 1083.
Orv Hetil. 2014 Feb 23;155(8):291-303. doi: 10.1556/OH.2014.29822.
Thrombocytopenia means low platelet count. This is the most frequent cause of bleeding abnormalities. Petechias, purpuras, mucosal bleeding are typical clinical findings. Severe, even life threatening gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding may also occur. Diagnostic laboratory finding is the prolonged bleeding time. There are several causes of thrombocytopenia. The major mechanisms for a reduced platelet count are decreased production and increased destruction of platelets, or both. The major task is to reveal the underlying cause. Examination of the bone marrow and the peripheral blood smear can be helpful as well as special diagnostics of the assumed disease. Therapy targets the underlying disease, and also involves platelet transfusion. However, in case of diseases with increased platelet activation and consumption, platelet transfusion is contraindicated because it may lead to aggravation of the pathologic process.
血小板减少症意味着血小板计数低。这是出血异常最常见的原因。瘀点、紫癜、黏膜出血是典型的临床发现。严重的甚至危及生命的胃肠道或颅内出血也可能发生。诊断性实验室检查结果是出血时间延长。血小板减少症有多种原因。血小板计数减少的主要机制是血小板生成减少和破坏增加，或两者皆有。主要任务是揭示潜在病因。骨髓检查和外周血涂片检查以及对假定疾病的特殊诊断可能会有所帮助。治疗针对潜在疾病，也包括血小板输注。然而，在血小板活化和消耗增加的疾病中，血小板输注是禁忌的，因为这可能导致病理过程加重。
