Marsh Louise, Robertson Lindsay A, Kimber Heather, Witt Martin
Cancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2014 Feb 14;127(1389):51-66.
This research examined 1) the extent and nature of smokefree outdoor area (SFOA) policies in New Zealand, and 2) the process of developing, implementing and promoting compliance with a SFOA policy.
An online survey was carried out with 43 of the 67 Local and District Councils, supplemented by other means. The survey assessed whether the council had a smokefree policy and if so, what locations the policy covered, the process of developing, implementing and promoting compliance with a smokefree policy, the challenges associated with policy development, and plans for future policies.
SFOA policies had been enacted by a total of 47 councils, 31 of which responded to the survey, covering a combination of playgrounds, sports grounds, parks, and council run events. Lack of public health priorities, and resources were common issues preventing other councils from developing a policy. Letters from health advocacy groups strongly influenced councils to introduce SFOA policies. The biggest barriers to implementation of SFOA policy were time and resource commitment required from staff, and the financial cost for signage. Voluntary compliance was used to ensure compliance with the policies; no councils used active enforcement. Few councils have evaluated their policies, but most felt that it had been successful.
Health groups can take heart that their advocacy is resulting in policy change within local government. However, continued efforts are required to undertake evaluations of current SFOA policies which may provide evidence to extend SFOAs, to assist those councils without a SFOA policy to develop one, and to increase funding for implementation.
本研究调查了1）新西兰无烟户外区域（SFOA）政策的范围和性质，以及2）制定、实施和促进SFOA政策合规的过程。
对67个地方和地区议会中的43个进行了在线调查，并辅以其他方式。该调查评估了议会是否有无烟政策，如果有，该政策涵盖哪些地点，制定、实施和促进无烟政策合规的过程，与政策制定相关的挑战，以及未来政策计划。
共有47个议会颁布了SFOA政策，其中31个回复了调查，涵盖了操场、运动场、公园和议会举办的活动。缺乏公共卫生重点和资源是阻碍其他议会制定政策的常见问题。健康倡导团体的信件强烈影响了议会引入SFOA政策。实施SFOA政策的最大障碍是工作人员所需的时间和资源投入以及标识的财务成本。通过自愿遵守来确保政策的执行；没有议会采用积极执法。很少有议会对其政策进行评估，但大多数人认为该政策是成功的。
健康团体可以感到欣慰的是，他们的倡导正在导致地方政府内部的政策变化。然而，需要继续努力对当前的SFOA政策进行评估，这可能为扩大SFOA提供证据，帮助那些没有SFOA政策的议会制定政策，并增加实施资金。
