Thomson George, Wilson Nick
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington.
N Z Med J. 2017 Sep 22;130(1462):89-101.
In this viewpoint we highlight and discuss some recent local and regional level advances in tobacco control in Aotearoa/New Zealand. In this country a wide range of local actors are helping drive smokefree and tobacco-free policies, with an increasing presence of businesses in this field. There has been progress in the areas of smokefree dining, large outdoor worksites and ski fields, and parts of downtown areas such as squares and streets. In 2015 and 2016, three councils (Palmerston North, Napier and Hastings) have used pavement lease policies and bylaws to start introducing an element of requirement into smokefree outdoor dining. Elsewhere (eg, Rotorua, Ashburton, Westland and Christchurch) significant smokefree outdoor dining moves have been made by, or in conjunction with, local councils. Tobacco-free retailing continues to expand, particularly in Northland. In the absence of meaningful central government action on smokefree places in the last decade (despite the Smokefree 2025 goal), local activity is leading the way. It is particularly important in providing models for smokefree outdoor hospitality areas, where smoking normalisation and relapse are significant health risks. Nevertheless, there is a need for the local smokefree and tobacco-free activity to be nationally evaluated, particularly for assessing the prevalence of smoking in areas covered by 'smokefree' policies. Action by central government could help local actors by providing a more definite legislative basis for bylaws, by minimum outdoor smokefree laws and by the funding of effective tobacco control mass media.
在本观点文章中，我们重点介绍并讨论了新西兰近期在地方和区域层面的烟草控制进展。在这个国家，众多地方行为体正在推动无烟和无烟草政策，该领域的企业参与度也日益提高。在无烟餐饮、大型户外工作场所、滑雪场以及市中心部分区域（如广场和街道）都取得了进展。2015年和2016年，三个地方议会（北帕默斯顿、内皮尔和黑斯廷斯）利用人行道租赁政策和地方法规，开始在无烟户外餐饮方面引入一定的强制要求。在其他地方（如罗托鲁阿、阿什伯顿、西兰和克赖斯特彻奇），地方议会单独或联合采取了重大的无烟户外餐饮行动。无烟草零售持续扩大，尤其是在北地地区。尽管过去十年中央政府在无烟场所方面缺乏有意义的行动（尽管有“2025年无烟”目标），但地方层面的行动正在引领潮流。这对于为无烟户外接待区提供模式尤为重要，因为在这些区域，吸烟常态化和复吸是重大的健康风险。然而，地方无烟和无烟草活动需要进行全国性评估，特别是要评估“无烟”政策覆盖地区的吸烟率。中央政府采取行动可为地方行为体提供帮助，为地方法规提供更明确的立法依据，制定最低限度的户外无烟法律，并为有效的烟草控制大众媒体提供资金。
