Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Fort Bragg Research Element, U.S. Army Research Institute Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Feb 3;5:36. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00036. eCollection 2014.
Remaining committed to goals is necessary (albeit not sufficient) to attaining them, but very little is known about domain-general individual differences that contribute to sustained goal commitment. The current investigation examines the association between grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, other individual difference variables, and retention in four different contexts: the military, workplace sales, high school, and marriage. Grit predicted retention over and beyond established context-specific predictors of retention (e.g., intelligence, physical aptitude, Big Five personality traits, job tenure) and demographic variables in each setting. Grittier soldiers were more likely to complete an Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) selection course, grittier sales employees were more likely to keep their jobs, grittier students were more likely to graduate from high school, and grittier men were more likely to stay married. The relative predictive validity of grit compared to other traditional predictors of retention is examined in each of the four studies. These findings suggest that in addition to domain-specific influences, there may be domain-general individual differences which influence commitment to diverse life goals over time.
坚持目标是实现目标所必需的（尽管不是充分的），但对于有助于持续目标承诺的一般个体差异，人们知之甚少。本研究考察了坚毅——即对长期目标的激情和毅力——与其他个体差异变量之间的关系，以及在四个不同背景下的保持率：军队、职场销售、高中和婚姻。在每个环境中，坚毅度可以预测保留率，超过了特定背景的保留率预测因素（例如，智力、身体素质、大五人格特质、工作任期）和人口统计学变量。更坚毅的士兵更有可能完成陆军特种作战部队（ARSOF）选拔课程，更坚毅的销售人员更有可能保住工作，更坚毅的学生更有可能从高中毕业，更坚毅的男性更有可能保持婚姻关系。在这四项研究中，都考察了坚毅与其他传统保留率预测因素相比的相对预测效度。这些发现表明，除了特定领域的影响外，可能还存在一般个体差异，这些差异会影响人们对各种生活目标的长期承诺。
