Department of Neurology Lund, Skåne University Hospital, and Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Neuroepidemiology. 2014;42(3):161-8. doi: 10.1159/000357150. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
The prevalence of risk factors for ischemic stroke may vary between different groups of stroke patients. We examined the distribution of individual well-established risk factors as well as the multiplicity of risk factors in different age groups and among subtypes.
In the Lund Stroke Register, we consecutively enrolled 2,505 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke from 2001 to 2009 and registered hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, current smoking, hypercholesterolemia as well as stroke subtype.
Among young patients (<55 years), at least 50% had ≥2 risk factors and 20-25% had ≥3 risk factors. In patients aged 55 years or older, the proportion with ≥2 risk factors was 70-80% and with ≥3 risk factors 35-45%. Men and women had a similar burden of risk factors. Approximately 50% of the cases classified as cardioembolism (CE) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) had ≥3 risk factors, which was significantly more than the other TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) subtypes (CE p < 0.001, LAA p = 0.001).
The prevalence of well-established risk factors is similar among young and old stroke patients with large proportions (50-80%) having ≥2 risk factors. Even though the prevalence of well-established risk factors differs between pathogenetic subtypes, these risk factors as well as the multiplicity of risk factors seem to be of clinical importance in all major subtypes of ischemic stroke.
缺血性脑卒中的危险因素在不同类型的脑卒中患者中可能存在差异。我们研究了不同年龄组和亚型中个体明确的危险因素以及危险因素的多重性分布情况。
在 Lund 卒中登记处，我们连续纳入了 2001 年至 2009 年期间首次发生的 2505 例缺血性卒中患者，并登记了高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、当前吸烟、高胆固醇血症以及卒中亚型。
在年轻患者（<55 岁）中，至少有 50%的患者有≥2 个危险因素，20-25%的患者有≥3 个危险因素。在 55 岁或以上的患者中，有≥2 个危险因素的比例为 70-80%，有≥3 个危险因素的比例为 35-45%。男性和女性的危险因素负担相似。大约 50%的归类为心源性栓塞（CE）和大动脉粥样硬化（LAA）的病例有≥3 个危险因素，明显多于其他 TOAST（急性卒中治疗试验组织 10172）亚型（CE p<0.001，LAA p=0.001）。
在年轻和老年卒中患者中，明确的危险因素的流行率相似，大多数患者（50-80%）有≥2 个危险因素。尽管发病机制亚型之间存在明确的危险因素流行率差异，但这些危险因素以及危险因素的多重性似乎在所有主要的缺血性卒中亚型中都具有临床重要性。
