比较器官捐赠系统中默认设置的效果。

Comparing the effects of defaults in organ donation systems.

作者信息

van Dalen Hendrik P, Henkens Kène

机构信息

Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, P.O. Box 11650, NL-2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, P.O. Box 97, NL-9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Tilburg University, Tilburg School of Economics and Management (TISEM), CentER, P.O. Box 90153, NL-5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, P.O. Box 11650, NL-2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, P.O. Box 97, NL-9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 237, NL-1012 DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Soc Sci Med. 2014 Apr;106:137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.052. Epub 2014 Feb 4.

DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.052

PMID:24561775

Abstract

The ability of patients in many parts of the world to benefit from transplantation is limited by growing shortages of transplantable organs. The choice architecture of donation systems is said to play a pivotal role in explaining this gap. In this paper we examine the question how different defaults affect the decision to register as organ donor. Three defaults in organ donation systems are compared: mandated choice, presumed consent and explicit consent. Hypothetical choices from a national survey of 2069 respondents in May 2011 in the Netherlands - a country with an explicit consent system - suggests that mandated choice and presumed consent are more effective at generating registered donors than explicit consent.

摘要

世界上许多地区的患者从移植中受益的能力因可移植器官日益短缺而受到限制。捐赠系统的选择架构据说在解释这一差距方面起着关键作用。在本文中，我们研究了不同默认设置如何影响注册成为器官捐赠者的决定这一问题。我们比较了器官捐赠系统中的三种默认设置：强制选择、推定同意和明确同意。2011年5月在荷兰（一个采用明确同意系统的国家）对2069名受访者进行的全国性调查中的假设选择表明，强制选择和推定同意在产生注册捐赠者方面比明确同意更有效。