Zhao Zuo-Ping, Tong Yan-An, Liu Fen, Wang Xiao-Ying
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Nov;24(11):3091-8.
A 7-year (2003-2010) located field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different long-term fertilization patterns on the Fuji apple yield, quality, and soil fertility on the Weibei Dryland, Shaanxi Province of Northwest China. Seven treatments were installed, i. e., no fertilization (CK), inorganic P and K fertilization (PK), inorganic N and K fertilization (NK), inorganic N and P fertilization (NP), inorganic N, P, and K fertilization (NPK), swine manure (M), and half inorganic N, P, and K combined with half swine manure (NPKM). Each treatment had three replications. Fertilization increased the apple yield. The average yield in the 7 years under fertilization was increased by 14.4%-63.8%, as compared to the CK. The average yield decreased in the order of NPKM > NPK > or = M > NP > or = NK > PK > CK. In treatments NPKM, M, and NPK, the fruit sugar/acid (S:A) ratio, vitamin C, soluble solid, and hardness tended to be increased with time, with a smaller yearly fluctuation in treatments NPKM and M. In treatment NPKM, the S:A ratio and vitamin C increased by 30.9% and 17.5%, respectively after five years, as compared to the CK. Long-term rational fertilization increased the soil organic matter (SOC) content in 0-20 cm layer, with the largest increment in treatments NPKM and M (28.8% and 29.3%, respectively). The soil available N, P, and K contents in all layers in treatments NPK, NPKM, and M increased significantly, and the soil available N content in 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm layers in treatment NPK was increased by 22.7%, 37.3%, and 53.4%, respectively. As compared to treatment NPK, the soil available P content in treatment NPKM was increased by 18.7%. In all fertilization treatments, the soil available Pcontent was significantly higher in upper layer than in lower layer.
在位于中国西北陕西省渭北旱地的一处果园开展了一项为期7年（2003 - 2010年）的田间试验，以评估不同长期施肥模式对富士苹果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。试验设置了7种处理，即不施肥（CK）、无机磷钾肥（PK）、无机氮钾肥（NK）、无机氮磷肥（NP）、无机氮磷钾肥（NPK）、猪粪（M）以及半量无机氮磷钾肥与半量猪粪混合（NPKM）。每个处理设置3次重复。施肥提高了苹果产量。与CK相比，施肥处理7年的平均产量提高了14.4% - 63.8%。平均产量从高到低依次为NPKM > NPK ≥ M > NP ≥ NK > PK > CK。在NPKM、M和NPK处理中，果实糖酸比（S:A）、维生素C、可溶性固形物和硬度随时间呈上升趋势，NPKM和M处理的年波动较小。在NPKM处理中，5年后S:A比和维生素C分别比CK提高了30.9%和17.5%。长期合理施肥增加了0 - 20 cm土层的土壤有机质（SOC）含量，NPKM和M处理的增幅最大（分别为28.8%和29.3%）。NPK、NPKM和M处理各土层的土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量均显著增加，NPK处理0 - 20、20 - 40和40 - 60 cm土层的土壤有效氮含量分别增加了22.7%、37.3%和53.4%。与NPK处理相比，NPKM处理的土壤有效磷含量增加了18.7%。在所有施肥处理中，上层土壤的有效磷含量显著高于下层。
