Cardiologia Ospedale San Vincenzo, Taormina (Me) Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Messina, Contrada Sirina, 98039, Taormina, Messina, Italy,
J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014 Apr;7(3):369-71. doi: 10.1007/s12265-014-9550-z. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Heart valve repair or replacement is a serious problem.The focused update on infective endocarditis of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2008 (ACC/AHA guidelines) and Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC guidelines) describe prophylaxis against infective endocarditis as not recommended for urinary tract procedures in the absence of active infection. A statistical association has been recently shown between urological procedures and the development of infective endocarditis. New evidences concerning infective endocarditis due to Actinobaculum schaalii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aerococci and Staphylococcus aureus, and new findings indicate there is a need for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis in patients undergoing urological procedures especially in elderly patients and in cancer and immunocompromised patients, to avoid serious consequences.
心脏瓣膜修复或置换是一个严重的问题。美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会 2008 年（ACC/AHA 指南）和欧洲心脏病学会（ESC 指南）关于感染性心内膜炎的预防、诊断和治疗指南（2009 年新版）的重点更新描述了针对感染性心内膜炎的预防措施，即在没有活动性感染的情况下，不建议对泌尿道手术进行预防。最近的一项统计研究表明，泌尿道手术与感染性心内膜炎的发生之间存在关联。新的证据表明，Actinobaculum schaalii、淋病奈瑟菌、无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、微球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都可能导致感染性心内膜炎，此外，新的研究结果表明，对于接受泌尿外科手术的患者，特别是老年患者和癌症及免疫功能低下患者，需要进行细菌性心内膜炎预防，以避免严重后果。
