Jelecevic Jasmin, Maidanjuk Stanislaw, Leithner Andreas, Loewe Kai, Kuehn Klaus-Dieter
1. Department of Traumatology, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchner Straße 42, 4600 Wels, Austria.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 May;58(4):493-500. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meu001. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
Poly-methyl methacrylate bone cements contain methyl methacrylate (MMA), which is known for its sensitizing and toxic properties. Therefore, in most European countries and in the USA, guidelines or regulations exist for occupational exposures. The use of vacuum mixing systems can significantly reduce airborne MMA concentrations during bone setting. Our goal was to test two commonly used vacuum mixing systems (Palamix(®) and Optivac(®)) using Palacos(®) R bone cement for their effectiveness at preventing MMA vapor release in a series of standardized trials in a laboratory as well as in an operating theatre. MMA was quantified every second over a period of 3 min using a photoionization detector (MiniRAE(®) 3000) device positioned in the breathing area of the user. Significant differences in MMA mean vapor concentrations over 180 s were observed in the two experimental spaces, with the highest mean concentrations (7.61 and 7.98 ppm for Palamix(®) and Optivac(®), respectively) observed in a laboratory with nine air changes per hour and the lowest average concentrations (1.06 and 1.12 ppm for Palamix(®) and Optivac(®), respectively) in an operating theatre with laminar flow ventilation and 22 air changes per hour. No significant differences in overall MMA concentrations were found between the two vacuum mixing systems in either location. Though, differences were found between both systems during single mixing phases. Thus, typical handling of MMA in orthopedic procedures must be seen as not harmful as concentrations do not reach the short-term exposure limit of 100 ppm. Additionally, laminar airflow seems to have an influence on lowering MMA concentrations in operation theatres.
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥含有甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA），其具有致敏和毒性特性。因此，在大多数欧洲国家和美国，存在职业暴露的指导方针或法规。使用真空混合系统可在骨水泥凝固过程中显著降低空气中MMA的浓度。我们的目标是在实验室和手术室进行一系列标准化试验，使用Palacos®R骨水泥测试两种常用的真空混合系统（Palamix®和Optivac®）在防止MMA蒸汽释放方面的有效性。使用位于使用者呼吸区域的光离子化探测器（MiniRAE®3000）设备，在3分钟内每秒对MMA进行定量。在两个实验空间中观察到180秒内MMA平均蒸汽浓度存在显著差异，在每小时换气9次的实验室中观察到最高平均浓度（Palamix®和Optivac®分别为7.61和7.98 ppm），在具有层流通风且每小时换气22次的手术室中观察到最低平均浓度（Palamix®和Optivac®分别为1.06和1.12 ppm）。在任何一个位置，两种真空混合系统之间的总体MMA浓度均未发现显著差异。不过，在单个混合阶段发现了两种系统之间的差异。因此，由于浓度未达到100 ppm的短期暴露限值，可以认为骨科手术中MMA的典型操作无害。此外，层流似乎对降低手术室中的MMA浓度有影响。
