Albayrak Özgür, Kliewer Josephine, Föcker Manuel, Antel Jochen, Hebebrand Johannes
1 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2015 May;43(3):173-81; quiz 182-3. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000355.
This article looks at food addiction as a subject situated between psychiatry, neurobiology, nutritional science, internal medicine, food industry, and public health. Essentially, the question is whether or not individual nutritional components can induce physical dependence, similar to the well-known effects of drugs such as alcohol and cocaine, or whether food addiction is rather a behavioral addiction. The literature describes many overlaps as well as differences of substance-based and non-substance-based addiction in both clinical and neurobiological terms. Until recently it was argued that food addiction appears only in the realms of obesity and eating disorders (e.g., binge-eating disorder, BED). Some studies, however, described the prevalence of food addiction symptoms and diagnoses independent of overweight or that they were in subjects who do not fulfill the criteria for BED. This article sums up the controversial discussion about the phenomenological and neurobiological classification of food addiction. Implications of food addiction for children and adolescents as well as public-health-related issues are also discussed.
本文将食物成瘾视为一个介于精神病学、神经生物学、营养科学、内科医学、食品工业和公共卫生之间的课题。本质上，问题在于个体营养成分是否会像酒精和可卡因等药物的众所周知的效果那样引发身体依赖，或者食物成瘾是否更像是一种行为成瘾。文献从临床和神经生物学角度描述了基于物质和非基于物质的成瘾的许多重叠之处以及差异。直到最近，人们一直认为食物成瘾仅出现在肥胖和饮食失调领域（例如暴饮暴食症，BED）。然而，一些研究描述了食物成瘾症状和诊断的普遍性，这些症状和诊断与超重无关或者出现在不符合暴饮暴食症标准的受试者身上。本文总结了关于食物成瘾的现象学和神经生物学分类的争议性讨论。还讨论了食物成瘾对儿童和青少年的影响以及与公共卫生相关的问题。
