Bhatia Nidhi, Bhagat Hemant, Sen Indu
Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;30(1):3-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.125683.
In 1961, Sellick popularized the technique of cricoid pressure (CP) to prevent regurgitation of gastric contents during anesthesia induction. In the last two decades, clinicians have begun to question the efficacy of CP and therefore the necessity of this maneuver. Some have suggested abandoning it on the grounds that this maneuver is unreliable in producing midline esophageal compression. Moreover, it has been found that application of CP makes tracheal intubation and mask ventilation difficult and induces relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. There have also been reports of regurgitation of gastric contents and aspiration despite CP. Further, its effectiveness has been demonstrated only in cadavers; therefore, its efficacy lacks scientific validation. These concerns with the use of CP in modern anesthesia practice have been briefly reviewed in this article.
1961年,塞利克推广了环状软骨压迫法(CP),以防止麻醉诱导期间胃内容物反流。在过去二十年里,临床医生开始质疑CP的有效性,进而质疑这一操作的必要性。一些人建议放弃该操作,理由是此操作在产生食管中线压迫方面不可靠。此外,已发现应用CP会使气管插管和面罩通气变得困难,并导致食管下括约肌松弛。也有报道称,尽管使用了CP,仍发生了胃内容物反流和误吸。此外,其有效性仅在尸体上得到证实;因此,其疗效缺乏科学验证。本文简要回顾了现代麻醉实践中使用CP的这些问题。