Morrison-Beedy Dianne, Xia Yinglin, Passmore Denise
College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2013 Dec;22(23-24):3289-99. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12408.
To investigate differences in sexual risk factors between adolescent girls reporting similar-aged or older sex partners.
Adolescent girls are at significant risk of heterosexual-acquired HIV infection and other long-term reproductive health issues. Sexual partner age discordance in teen girls has been correlated with STIs, lack of protection, multiple partners and earlier age of sexual transition.
A descriptive study comparing girls currently involved with age-discordant partners to those with similar-aged partners. Two-sample t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables were used to compare groups.
Baseline data from 738 sexually active, urban, adolescent girls aged 15-19 were analysed to determine which behaviours were more likely to occur in girls with older partners. Data were collected as part of a gender-specific HIV-prevention intervention in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) tailored to adolescent girls.
Multiple reported sexual risk behaviours were found to significantly differ between the two groups at baseline. Overall, girls with older partners had more episodes of sexual instances (vaginal, anal and oral). Specific sexual risk behaviours were found to be statistically significant between the two groups. Girls with older partners started having sex at earlier ages, had more lifetime sexual partners, higher incidents of STIs and were reluctant to discuss using condoms with their partners. Girls with similar-aged partners were less willing to engage in risky sexual behaviours.
Findings from this investigation support data from other studies. Relationships with older male partners place adolescent girls at increased risk of HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy.
Adolescent girls in age-discordant relationships are at risk of immediate and long-term sexual health morbidities. Identifying girls who are at increased risk by asking tailored questions will enable nurses to recommend appropriate diagnostics for this population and provide age-specific counselling.
调查报告有年龄相仿或年长性伴侣的青春期女孩在性风险因素方面的差异。
青春期女孩面临着通过异性接触感染艾滋病毒以及其他长期生殖健康问题的重大风险。少女的性伴侣年龄不匹配与性传播感染、缺乏保护措施、多个性伴侣以及更早开始性行为有关。
一项描述性研究，将目前与年龄不匹配伴侣交往的女孩与有年龄相仿伴侣的女孩进行比较。对连续变量使用两样本t检验，对分类变量使用卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验来比较各组。
分析了738名年龄在15至19岁、有性行为、居住在城市的青春期女孩的基线数据，以确定哪些行为在有年长伴侣的女孩中更有可能发生。这些数据是作为一项针对青春期女孩的随机对照试验（RCT）中特定性别的艾滋病毒预防干预措施的一部分收集的。
在基线时发现两组之间多项报告的性风险行为存在显著差异。总体而言，有年长伴侣的女孩有更多次性接触（阴道、肛门和口交）。发现两组之间特定的性风险行为具有统计学意义。有年长伴侣的女孩开始性行为的年龄更早，有更多的终身性伴侣，性传播感染的发生率更高，并且不愿意与伴侣讨论使用避孕套的问题。有年龄相仿伴侣的女孩不太愿意从事危险性行为。
本次调查结果支持其他研究的数据。与年长男性伴侣的关系使青春期女孩面临感染艾滋病毒/性传播感染和意外怀孕的风险增加。
处于年龄不匹配关系中的青春期女孩面临即时和长期的性健康疾病风险。通过询问针对性的问题来识别风险增加的女孩，将使护士能够为该人群推荐适当的诊断方法，并提供针对特定年龄的咨询服务。
