Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, UCL and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, WC1E 7HX London, UK.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Feb;17(100):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are large dynamic nanomachines that transport DNAs and/or proteins through the membranes of bacteria. Because of their complexity and multi-protein organisation, T4S systems have been extremely challenging to study structurally. However in the past five years significant milestones have been achieved by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. This review describes some of the more recent advances: the structures of some of the protein components of the T4S systems and the complete core complex structure that was determined using electron microscopy.
IV 型分泌系统（T4S）是一种大型动态纳米机器，可将 DNA 和/或蛋白质通过细菌的细胞膜运输。由于其复杂性和多蛋白组织，T4S 系统在结构上的研究极具挑战性。然而，在过去五年中，X 射线晶体学和低温电子显微镜技术取得了重大进展。本综述描述了一些较新的进展：T4S 系统的一些蛋白质成分的结构，以及使用电子显微镜确定的完整核心复合物结构。
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