Fallone Melissa Duncan, LaGasse Linda L, Lester Barry M, Shankaran Seetha, Bada Henrietta S, Bauer Charles R
Missouri State University, Department of Psychology, 901 S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2014 May-Jun;43:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine on the reactivity and regulation of the motor system of 825 four-month-old infants enrolled in the Maternal Lifestyle Study were examined. Videotaped assessments of 338 cocaine-exposed (CE) infants and 487 non-exposed comparison infants were coded by examiners masked to exposure status. Exposure status was determined by meconium assay and maternal self-report of prenatal cocaine use. Infants were presented with a series of 17 visual, auditory and tactile stimuli for 30-s each. Intensity and latency of limb movement responses on a subset of items were analyzed to test the following hypotheses: CE infants are more active in general; CE infants exhibit increased movement levels for a larger proportion of time in response to stimulation; the motor systems of CE infants are more reactive to stimulation (e.g., shorter latencies to respond); and CE infants are poorer regulators of the motor system.
CE infants were not more active in general and data do not indicate a more highly reactive motor system. However, CE infants exhibited increased movement levels for a larger proportion of time in response to stimulation. Additional analysis of movement exhibited during three tactile items found increased movement lability in CE infants and different patterns of responding, suggesting that the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the motor system may vary by context. Covariate effects for tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are also reported.
对参加“母亲生活方式研究”的825名4个月大婴儿的运动系统反应性和调节功能进行了研究，这些婴儿在出生前接触过可卡因。338名接触可卡因（CE）的婴儿和487名未接触可卡因的对照婴儿的录像评估由对接触状况不知情的检查人员进行编码。接触状况通过胎粪检测和母亲关于产前使用可卡因的自我报告来确定。向婴儿展示了一系列17种视觉、听觉和触觉刺激，每种刺激持续30秒。对一部分项目中肢体运动反应的强度和潜伏期进行了分析，以检验以下假设：CE婴儿总体上更活跃；CE婴儿在对刺激做出反应时，在更大比例的时间内运动水平增加；CE婴儿的运动系统对刺激反应更灵敏（例如，反应潜伏期更短）；CE婴儿对运动系统的调节能力较差。
CE婴儿总体上并不更活跃，数据也未表明其运动系统反应性更高。然而，CE婴儿在对刺激做出反应时，在更大比例的时间内运动水平增加。对三个触觉项目中出现的运动进行的进一步分析发现，CE婴儿的运动不稳定性增加，且反应模式不同，这表明产前接触可卡因对运动系统的影响可能因情境而异。还报告了烟草、酒精和大麻的协变量效应。
