Ross Howard A
School of Biological Sciences, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 Jul;76:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.021. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Species-level paraphyly was found by Funk and Omland (2003) to occur in 23% of animal species on the basis of a meta-analysis of published mitochondrial gene trees. Given the potential for bias in the selection of study organisms and the subsequent publication of their gene trees, I re-estimated the incidence of paraphyly in an independent dataset of publicly accessible COI sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System. Among 7368 animal species represented by two or more sequences, 19% were paraphyletic, slightly less than in the previous study. Rates within major taxonomic groups mirrored, but were slightly lower than, that observed earlier. Tests were made for operational factors that could inflate, and sampling effects that could underestimate, the rate of paraphyly. Overall the previous findings are confirmed. The observed incidence suggests that on average animal species diverged 2-3 Ne generations in the past, far short of the predicted 5 Ne generations required for complete monophyly.
芬克和奥姆兰（2003年）通过对已发表的线粒体基因树进行荟萃分析发现，在23%的动物物种中存在物种水平的并系现象。鉴于在研究生物的选择及其基因树后续发表过程中存在偏差的可能性，我在一个来自生命条形码数据系统的可公开获取的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）序列的独立数据集中，重新估计了并系现象的发生率。在由两个或更多序列代表的7368个动物物种中，19%是并系的，略低于先前的研究。主要分类群中的发生率反映了，但略低于早期观察到的情况。对可能夸大并系发生率的操作因素以及可能低估并系发生率的抽样效应进行了测试。总体而言，先前的发现得到了证实。观察到的发生率表明，动物物种在过去平均分化了2 - 3个有效种群大小（Ne）世代，远低于完全单系所需的预测5个Ne世代。
