Dehning Sandra, Reiß Eva, Krause Daniela, Gasperi Sarah, Meyer Sebastian, Dargel Sascha, Müller Norbert, Siebeck Matthias
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
Patient Educ Couns. 2014 May;95(2):259-64. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.01.013. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Surgeons and psychiatrists have been described as two contrary groups, the one healing by hands and the other by words. Empathy is needed in every physician-patient relationship. We tested whether (1) surgeons and psychiatrists show different levels of cognitive and emotional empathy; (2) measurements of cognitive and emotional empathy correlate with physician-specific empathy; and (3) gender, experience, and career choices are influencing factors.
56 surgeons and 50 psychiatrists participated. We measured empathy with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), cognitive empathy with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test Revised (RME-R6), and emotional empathy with the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES).
Male psychiatrists scored significantly higher than that of male surgeons (118.0±9.86 vs. 107.5±13.84; p=0.0006) in the JSPE. Analytically trained psychiatrists scored significantly higher in the JSPE than that of behaviorally trained psychiatrists (p=0.024, F test, adjusted for gender). Both the RME and the BEES correlated positively with the JSPE.
Higher scores for empathy were found in male psychiatrists than in male surgeons.
Further research is needed to learn about the effects of general medical training on empathy.
外科医生和精神科医生被描述为两个相反的群体，一个用手治疗，另一个用言语治疗。在每一种医患关系中都需要同理心。我们测试了：（1）外科医生和精神科医生是否表现出不同程度的认知同理心和情感同理心；（2）认知同理心和情感同理心的测量与医生特定的同理心是否相关；以及（3）性别、经验和职业选择是否为影响因素。
56名外科医生和50名精神科医生参与了研究。我们使用杰斐逊医生同理心量表（JSPE）测量同理心，使用修订后的读眼识心测试（RME-R6）测量认知同理心，使用平衡情感同理心量表（BEES）测量情感同理心。
在JSPE中，男性精神科医生的得分显著高于男性外科医生（118.0±9.86对107.5±13.84；p=0.0006）。接受分析训练的精神科医生在JSPE中的得分显著高于接受行为训练的精神科医生（p=0.024，F检验，经性别调整）。RME和BEES均与JSPE呈正相关。
男性精神科医生的同理心得分高于男性外科医生。
需要进一步研究以了解普通医学培训对同理心的影响。
