a National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research , Hamilton , New Zealand.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2014;77(6):346-65. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2013.866915.
Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) associated with geothermally influenced lakes and rivers represent a potential health risk to communities where wild-caught food is consumed. The Rotorua Lakes region of New Zealand has extensive natural geothermal activity and a large proportion (35%) of indigenous Māori population, for whom wild food gathering is an important cultural activity. The aim of this study was to measure selected heavy metal and organochlorine (OC) concentrations in important local fish and shellfish species and assess the potential health risk to the local population of consuming these species. Following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocols, consumption limits were calculated based on both excess lifetime cancer risk and noncancer risk. These were compared with local consumption rates, which were determined by questionnaire (n = 19). Median and 95th percentile contaminant concentrations were calculated to approximate random and most extreme contaminant consumption scenarios. Only Hg concentrations exceeded established Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) guideline values of 0.5 mg/kg, namely, for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 62% of the study sites) and koura (freshwater crayfish; Paranephrops planifrons; 25% of sites). The major risk was from consumption of trout, where the local consumption rate (1.5 meals/mo) exceeded the consumption limit of 0.9 meals/mo (median data) and 0.4 meals/mo (95th percentile data). Shellfish--pipi (Paphies australis) and mussel (Perna canaliculus)--collected from the only estuarine site also had local consumption rates (3.5 meals/mo) above calculated consumption limits (2.6 and 2.9 meals/mo, respectively). Our results, while based on a limited sample size and therefore exploratory in nature, nevertheless provide the basis for developing consumption guidelines. This study makes a significant contribution to broadening our understanding of the complexities of managing customary fisheries.
砷（As）和汞（Hg）与受地热影响的湖泊和河流有关，对食用野生捕捞食物的社区构成潜在健康风险。新西兰罗托鲁瓦湖区拥有广泛的天然地热活动和 35%的毛利土著人口，对他们来说，野生食物采集是一项重要的文化活动。本研究的目的是测量当地重要鱼类和贝类物种中选定的重金属和有机氯（OC）浓度，并评估当地居民食用这些物种的潜在健康风险。根据美国环境保护署（EPA）的协议，基于超额终生癌症风险和非癌症风险计算了消费限制。将这些限制与通过问卷（n=19）确定的当地消费率进行了比较。计算了中位数和 95%百分位数污染物浓度，以近似随机和最极端的污染物消费情况。只有汞浓度超过了澳大利亚新西兰食品标准（FSANZ）规定的 0.5 毫克/公斤的指导值，即虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss；研究地点的 62%）和科拉（淡水小龙虾；Paranephrops planifrons；25%的地点）。主要风险来自于对鳟鱼的消费，当地的消费率（1.5 餐/月）超过了 0.9 餐/月（中位数数据）和 0.4 餐/月（95%百分位数据）的消费限制。从唯一的河口点采集的贝类——pipis（Paphies australis）和贻贝（Perna canaliculus）——的当地消费率（3.5 餐/月）也超过了计算出的消费限制（分别为 2.6 和 2.9 餐/月）。我们的结果虽然基于有限的样本量，因此具有探索性，但为制定消费指南提供了依据。本研究对扩大我们对管理传统渔业的复杂性的理解做出了重要贡献。
