Winklehner D, Leitner D, Cole D, Machicoane G, Tobos L
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2014 Feb;85(2):02A739. doi: 10.1063/1.4854315.
In this paper we describe the first systematic measurement of beam neutralization (space charge compensation) in the ECR low energy transport line with a retarding field analyzer, which can be used to measure the potential of the beam. Expected trends for the space charge compensation levels such as increase with residual gas pressure, beam current, and beam density could be observed. However, the overall levels of neutralization are consistently low (<60%). The results and the processes involved for neutralizing ion beams are discussed for conditions typical for ECR injector beam lines. The results are compared to a simple theoretical beam plasma model as well as simulations.
