Correspondence should be addressed to Prof Martin Bobak, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL (University College London), 1-19 Torrington place, London WC1E 7HB, UK. E-mail:
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014 May;69(3):470-81. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu014. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
To investigate whether the positive relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and later life cognitive function observed in Western populations exists in former communist countries with apparently smaller income inequalities.
Structural equation modeling analysis of cross-sectional data on 30,846 participants aged 45-78 years in four Central and Eastern European centers: Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland), Kaunas (Lithuania), and six Czech towns from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study. SEP was measured using self-reported childhood (maternal education, household amenities), adult (education), and older adult (current material circumstances) indicators. Latent variable for cognition was constructed from word recall, animal naming, and letter search.
Associations between SEP measures over the life course and cognition were similar across study centers. Education had the strongest direct association with cognition, followed by current material circumstances. Indirect path from education to cognition, mediated by current SEP, was small. Direct path from mother's education to cognition was significant but modest, and partially mediated by later SEP measures, particularly education.
In these Eastern European populations, late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in Western countries.
探讨在收入不平等程度明显较低的前共产主义国家，是否存在贯穿整个生命历程的社会经济地位（SEP）与晚年认知功能之间的正相关关系，这种关系在西方人群中已有观察结果。
采用横断面数据分析了来自四个中东欧中心的 30846 名 45-78 岁参与者的数据：俄罗斯新西伯利亚、波兰克拉科夫、立陶宛考纳斯，以及来自 HAPIEE（东欧的健康、酒精和心理社会因素）研究的六个捷克城镇。使用自我报告的儿童期（母亲的教育程度、家庭设施）、成年期（教育程度）和老年期（当前物质状况）指标来衡量 SEP。认知的潜在变量由单词回忆、动物命名和字母搜索构建。
贯穿整个生命历程的 SEP 测量指标与认知之间的关联在研究中心之间是相似的。教育与认知的直接关联最强，其次是当前的物质状况。教育对认知的间接路径，通过当前 SEP 介导，很小。母亲教育与认知之间的直接路径显著但适度，并且部分通过后期 SEP 指标介导，特别是教育。
在前东欧人群中，晚年认知反映了与西方国家类似的生命历程社会经济轨迹。
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