Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024 Sep;5(9):100613. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(24)00129-6. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Intersectionality has rarely been considered in research studies of cognitive ageing. We investigated whether life-course financial mobility is differentially associated with later-life memory function and decline across intersectional identities defined by gender, and race and ethnicity.
Data were from two harmonised multiethnic cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences cohort and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans cohort) in northern California, USA (n=2340). Life-course financial mobility, measured using a combination of self-reported financial capital measures in childhood (from birth to age 16 years) and later adulthood (at the cohort baseline) was defined as consistently high, upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile, or consistently low. We clustered individuals into 32 strata representing intersectional identities defined by life-course financial mobility combined with gender, and race and ethnicity. Verbal episodic memory was assessed using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales over four waves from 2017 to 2023. Adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were estimated with and without fixed effects of gender, race and ethnicity, and financial mobility, to evaluate whether the random effects of the intersectional identity strata contributed variance to memory beyond individual fixed effects.
Mean age was 73·6 years (SD 8·1). Of 2340 individuals, 1460 (62·4%) were women, 880 (37·6%) were men, 388 (16·6%) were Asian, 1136 (48·5%) were Black, 334 (14·3%) were Latinx, and 482 (20·6%) were White. Consistently low and downwardly mobile financial capital were strongly negatively associated with later-life memory at baseline (-0·162 SD units [95% CI -0·273 to -0·051] for consistently low and -0·171 [-0·250 to -0·092] for downwardly mobile), but not rate of change over time. Intersectional identities contributed 0·2% of memory variance after accounting for the fixed effects of gender, race and ethnicity, and financial mobility.
Consistently low and downward life-course financial mobility are associated with lower later-life memory function. Intersectional identities defined by financial mobility in addition to gender, and race and ethnicity, contribute negligible additional variance to later-life memory in this study setting.
US National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health.
交叉性在认知老化的研究中很少被考虑。我们研究了生活轨迹财务流动性是否与按性别、种族和民族定义的交叉身份相关联，进而与晚年记忆功能和下降相关。
数据来自美国北加州两个协调的多民族队列（凯撒健康老龄化和多样化生活体验队列以及非裔美国人健康老龄化研究队列）（n=2340）。使用童年期（从出生到 16 岁）和成年期（在队列基线时）的自我报告财务资本措施的组合来衡量生活轨迹财务流动性，定义为始终较高、向上流动、向下流动或始终较低。我们将个体聚类为 32 个阶层，代表生活轨迹财务流动性与性别以及种族和民族相结合的交叉身份。使用 2017 年至 2023 年期间四个波次的西班牙语和英语神经心理评估量表评估了语言情景记忆。估计了调整后的混合效应线性回归模型，其中包括和不包括性别、种族和民族以及财务流动性的固定效应，以评估交叉身份阶层的随机效应是否超过个体固定效应对记忆的变异性有贡献。
平均年龄为 73.6 岁（SD 8.1）。在 2340 名个体中，1460 名（62.4%）为女性，880 名（37.6%）为男性，388 名（16.6%）为亚洲人，1136 名（48.5%）为黑人，334 名（14.3%）为拉丁裔，482 名（20.6%）为白人。始终较低和向下流动的财务资本与基线时的晚年记忆呈强烈负相关（始终较低的为-0.162 SD 单位[95%CI-0.273 至-0.051]，向下流动的为-0.171[-0.250 至-0.092]），但与随时间的变化率无关。在考虑了性别、种族和民族以及财务流动性的固定效应后，交叉身份对记忆的变异解释了 0.2%。
始终较低和向下的生活轨迹财务流动性与晚年较低的记忆功能相关。在本研究环境中，除性别和种族和民族外，由财务流动性定义的交叉身份对晚年记忆的额外变异性贡献微不足道。
美国国立卫生研究院国家老龄化研究所，美国国立卫生研究院。
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