Yamaguchi Masayoshi
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
Mol Cell Biochem. 2014 Jun;391(1-2):157-66. doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-1998-2. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
Regucalcin was initially discovered in 1978 as a regulatory protein in calcium signaling. The regucalcin gene, which is localized on the X chromosome, is found in vertebrate and invertebrate species. Regucalcin has been shown to play a pivotal role in cell regulation: maintaining of intracellular calcium homeostasis, suppressions of signal transduction, inhibition of translational protein synthesis, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, regulation of gene expression, and anti-effects on proliferation and apoptosis in many cell types. The expression of the regucalcin gene and its protein has been shown to alter with various metabolic diseases, and regucalcin plays an important role in the development of many pathophysiologic states. Serum regucalcin has been found to increase with liver injury, and also urinary regucalcin is elevated with kidney damage, suggesting a useful tool as biomarker for diagnosis. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to be good tool in early diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease and other brain diseases. This review will discuss a significance of regucalcin as a clinical biomarker in various diseases.
调节钙素最初于1978年被发现是一种钙信号传导中的调节蛋白。调节钙素基因位于X染色体上，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种中均有发现。调节钙素已被证明在细胞调节中起关键作用：维持细胞内钙稳态、抑制信号转导、抑制翻译蛋白合成、抑制核脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）合成、调节基因表达以及对多种细胞类型的增殖和凋亡产生抗作用。调节钙素基因及其蛋白的表达已被证明会随各种代谢性疾病而改变，并且调节钙素在许多病理生理状态的发展中起重要作用。已发现血清调节钙素会随着肝损伤而增加，并且尿调节钙素也会随着肾损伤而升高，这表明它是一种有用的诊断生物标志物。此外，调节钙素已被证明是阿尔茨海默病和其他脑部疾病早期诊断的良好工具。本综述将讨论调节钙素作为各种疾病临床生物标志物的意义。
