Young Jami F, Miller Michelle R, Khan Nida
Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2010 Aug 11;1:87-95. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S7539. eCollection 2010.
Approximately 10%-15% of adolescents will experience a major depressive episode. The risk factors associated with depression in adolescence include a family history of depression, being female, subthreshold depression, having a nonaffective disorder, negative cognitions, interpersonal conflict, low social support, and stressful life events. Despite the availability of measures to identify depressed adolescents and efficacious interventions to treat these adolescents, a large number of depressed adolescents go undetected and untreated. This review describes several screening measures that can be used to identify adolescents with elevated depression symptoms who would benefit from a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. If an adolescent is diagnosed with a depressive disorder, there are several efficacious treatment options, including pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy. The research supporting each of these approaches is outlined, and recommendations are made to help health professionals determine the appropriate course of treatment. Although existing treatments are effective for many depressed adolescents, approximately one-third of adolescents remain depressed following treatment. Continuing research is needed to enhance the efficacy of existing treatments for adolescent depression and to develop and study novel treatment approaches.
约10%-15%的青少年会经历一次重度抑郁发作。与青少年抑郁症相关的风险因素包括抑郁症家族史、女性、阈下抑郁、患有非情感障碍、消极认知、人际冲突、社会支持不足以及生活应激事件。尽管有识别抑郁青少年的措施以及治疗这些青少年的有效干预方法，但仍有大量抑郁青少年未被发现和治疗。本综述描述了几种筛查措施，可用于识别抑郁症状加重且能从全面诊断评估中获益的青少年。如果青少年被诊断患有抑郁症，有几种有效的治疗选择，包括药物治疗、认知行为疗法和人际心理治疗。概述了支持每种方法的研究，并给出了建议以帮助健康专业人员确定合适的治疗方案。虽然现有治疗方法对许多抑郁青少年有效，但约三分之一的青少年在治疗后仍处于抑郁状态。需要持续开展研究以提高现有青少年抑郁症治疗方法的疗效，并开发和研究新的治疗方法。
