Rhodes Gillian
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94350, USA.
Perception. 2013;42(11):1179-99. doi: 10.1068/p170043n.
The encoding and relative importance of first-order (discrete) and second-order (configural) features in mental representations of unfamiliar faces have been investigated. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (KYST) was carried out on similarity judgments of forty-one photographs of faces (homogeneous with respect to sex, race, facial expression, and, to a lesser extent, age). A large set of ratings, measurements, and ratios of measurements of the faces was regressed against the three-dimensional KYST solution in order to determine the first-order and second-order features used to judge similarity. Parameters characterizing both first-order and second-order features emerged as important determinants of facial similarity. First-order feature parameters characterizing the appearance of the eyes, eyebrows, and mouth, and second-order feature parameters characterizing the position of the eyes, spatial relations between the internal features, and chin shape correlated with the dimensions of the KYST solution. There was little difference in the extent to which first-order and second-order features were encoded. Two higher-level parameters, age and weight, were also used to judge similarity. The implications of these results for mental representations of faces are discussed.
关于陌生面孔心理表征中一阶（离散）和二阶（构型）特征的编码及其相对重要性已得到研究。对41张面部照片（在性别、种族、面部表情以及在较小程度上的年龄方面具有同质性）的相似性判断进行了非度量多维标度法（KYST）分析。将一大组对面部的评级、测量值以及测量值比率与三维KYST解进行回归分析，以确定用于判断相似性的一阶和二阶特征。表征一阶和二阶特征的参数均成为面部相似性的重要决定因素。表征眼睛、眉毛和嘴巴外观的一阶特征参数，以及表征眼睛位置、内部特征之间的空间关系和下巴形状的二阶特征参数，与KYST解的维度相关。一阶和二阶特征的编码程度几乎没有差异。另外两个较高层次的参数，即年龄和体重，也被用于判断相似性。本文讨论了这些结果对面部心理表征的意义。
