Transport mechanism for calcium and phosphate in ram spermatozoa.

Calcium uptake into ejaculated ram spermatozoa is highly enhanced by the addition of extracellular phosphate. Under identical conditions, extracellular calcium stimulates the uptake of phosphate by the cells. Both calcium and phosphate uptake are comparably inhibited by the sulfhydryl reagent mersalyl. The I50 was found to be 6.36 and 10.14 nmol mersalyl per mg protein for phosphate and calcium uptake, respectively. Calcium uptake is inhibited by mersalyl whether phosphate is present or not. Extracellular fructose causes a 5-fold increase in calcium uptake. When fructose and phosphate are present in the cell's medium, there is an additive effect, which indicates that two independent systems are involved in calcium transport into the cell. Ruthenium red, which blocks Ca2+ transport into the mitochondria, causes 70% and 95% inhibition of calcium uptake in the absence or in the presence of fructose, respectively. Ruthenium red does not affect phosphate uptake unless calcium was present in the incubation medium. The stimulatory effect of fructose upon calcium uptake can be mimicked by L-lactate and can be inhibited by the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Fructose and L-lactate stimulate mitochondrial respiration in a comparable way. Oligomycin, which inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthesis, does not inhibit Ca2+ uptake. This indicates that ATP is not involved in the mechanism by which mitochondrial respiration stimulates Ca2+ uptake. The calcium channel blocker, verapamil, inhibits Ca2+ uptake in the presence or absence of extracellular phosphate. The phosphate-dependent calcium transport mechanism is more sensitive to verapamil than is the phosphate-independent transporter. In summary, the data indicate that the plasma membrane of mammalian spermatozoa contains a calcium/phosphate symporter, a phosphate-independent calcium carrier and a calcium-independent phosphate carrier.