Assistant Professor, Anthropology and NGO Leadership Development, Northern Illinois University, United States.
Disasters. 2014 Apr;38 Suppl 1:S1-24. doi: 10.1111/disa.12053.
Despite the enormous infusion of post-quake aid to Haiti, cholera had killed more than 8,000 people by January 2013. Based on two mixed-method studies of a random sample of 108 internally displaced person (IDP) camps and 168 interviews with agency representatives and recipients, this article examines the prevalence of factors that have proven most relevant to the rapid spread of cholera, particularly the provision of water and sanitation services in IDP camps. The study reveals that 30% of IDP camps had no toilets and 40% had no access to water before the outbreak, with only minimal progress after three months. Using bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses, this article explores patterns in the gaps of services with a range of variables such as NGO camp management, municipality and land-owners. It offers several theoretical and policy explanations for low level of services, concluding with a series of recommendations for better coordination and management.
尽管海地地震后涌入了大量援助，但到 2013 年 1 月，霍乱已导致 8000 多人死亡。本文基于对 108 个境内流离失所者营地的随机样本进行的两项混合方法研究和对 168 名机构代表和受益者的访谈，调查了已被证明与霍乱迅速传播最相关的因素的流行情况，特别是在境内流离失所者营地提供水和卫生服务的情况。研究显示，在疫情爆发前，30%的境内流离失所者营地没有厕所，40%的营地无法获得水，三个月后仅有微小进展。本文使用双变量和多变量统计分析，探讨了在一系列变量（如非政府组织营地管理、市和土地所有者）下服务差距的模式。它为服务水平低提供了一些理论和政策解释，最后提出了一系列更好的协调和管理建议。
